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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What Autism spectrum disorder and its prevalence?
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Deficits in social communication and interaction (high functioning to protractive.)Restrictive and repetitive behaviors, interests, and activates.
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Difficulty responding to social ques □ Get frustrated easily □ Don't pick up on facial ques or body language □ Having repetitive behavior.
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ADHD what is it?
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Core symptoms entail inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
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Three subtypes □primarily characterized by inattention □primarily characterized by hyperactivity or impulsivity -combined type in which both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity are present.
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What is conduct disorder?
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A pattern of antisocial behavior at home or in the community, including significant physical aggression, property damage, deceitfulness, or rule violations
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○ Severity rated as mild, moderate, or severe ○ Childhood or adolescent onset Almost all cases are preceded by symptoms or a diagnosis of ODD
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What is oppositional defiant disorder?
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A pattern of negativistic, disobedient, and defiant behavior, usually shown at home and sometimes at school
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What areas are marked by serious impairment in schizophrenia?
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Attention, perception, thought, emotion, and behavior
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Schizophrenia- What is meant by positive symptoms?
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-Positive- delusions, hallucinations, disturbances in thinking, and disorganized and grossly inappropriate behavior. -Presence of symptoms |
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Schizophrenia- What is meant by negative symptoms?
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-negative- social withdrawal, anhedonia, flat affect, alogia, and avolition -absence of symptomes |
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What are the four phases of schizophrenia?
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-Premorbid -prodromal -active -residual
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What is its prevalence?
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-The total number of people who suffer from a disorder in a specific population.
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Biological causes of schizophrenia?
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-runs in families regardless of adoption or twin studies-genes alone are not sufficient enough to account for this disorder.
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schizophrenia- Neuro transmitters implicated
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Dysregulation- Problems with the neurotransmitter system
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Schizophrenia- Psychosocial causes
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-trauma - -1)social drift hypothesis- as people develop symptoms of schizophrenia, they slide down the socioeconomic ladder 2)-social causation theory, which suggests that the social stressors and environmental hazards associated with poverty breed episodes of schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals. |
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Schizophrenia- Medication
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-Phenothiazines -antipsychotic drugs- -drug treatment + hospitalization |
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-Phenothiazines
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chemically similar group of neuroleptic drugs that act by blocking specific neurotransmitter receptors.
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Bipolar disorder definition
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-Mood disorders marked by alternating periods of depression and mania/hypomania
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Bipolar disorder-Two types and how they differ?
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1 Full-blown manic symptoms 2 A major depressive episode has occurred in addition to a hypomanic (but not manic) episode |
Bipolar 1 Bipolar 2 |
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• Hypomania
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-a mild form of mania -Shorter, less intense, and doesn't significantly disrupt the persons daily life. |
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Biological risk-bipolar disorders –linked to two genetic markers. Results not certain and have failed to report different genetic linkages.
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–linked to two genetic markers. Results not certain and have failed to report different genetic linkages.
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Bipolar disorder- Psychological risk
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-social factors -trauma or abuse -conflicts in interpersonal relationships -chronic stressors-lack of social support and high social strain, family expressed emotion |
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Bipolar Disorder-Medications and their efficacy
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-Lithium -anticonvulsants -antipsychotics -antidepressants |
These treatments show to benefit in reducing the harmful effects and suicide risks.
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Suicide
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-most often associated with mental disorders such as bipolar disorders, depression, schizophrenia, and personality disorders.
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Types of suicide
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-altruistic -anomic -Fatalistic |
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Suicide Risk factors
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-more likely in males -highest in 45-64 -stressful life events in absence of adequate social support |
-more attempted among female
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Medicationsfor treatment of suicide
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-antidepressants
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Anxiety disorders?
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- Specific phobia -Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) -Panic disorder -Agoraphobia -Generalized anxiety disorder |
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What is the difference between a fear and a phobia?
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- Fear: A set of emotional, behavioral, and physical responses to danger -Phobia: Intense, persistent fear of specific objects or situation that pose little or no actual threat. |
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What are the causes of Phobias?
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- Heritability studies suggest that they have a genetic component. -Those who may be especially vulnerable to specific phobia and social anxiety disorder may:-Be predisposed to overreact physiologically to stimuli, and -Have had or have hear of frightening experiences related to a stimulus. |
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What is social anxiety disorder?
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-Intense fear or anxiety of social situations in which the individual may be scrutinized by others.-Common situations that evoke social anxiety disorder:
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What is panic disorder?
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- Periodic and unexpected attacks of intense, terrifying fear (called panic attacks), coupled with persistent anxiety that another attack will occur.
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What is agoraphobia?
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- A fear of being separated from a safe place. Having a panic attack in public and not being safe is the underlying phobia. -Individuals typically report fear leaving home, being in public, and traveling. -For many, the basic concern is having a panic attack while being away from a place they consider safe. |
-For many, the basic concern is having a panic attack while being away from a place they consider safe.
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What are treatment for Phobias?
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-Systematic desensitization -Exposure techniques -Modeling |
- Treatments using learning-based procedures have probed the most consistently successful.
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What is GAD?
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- -Anxiety is experienced as "free floating" (not connected to any specific stimulus) and is pervasive enough to interfere with daily functioning. |
- Generalized anxiety disorder
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What is the treatment of choice for GAD?
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-Cognitive restructuring -Relaxation training. |
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Medications for GAD and other anxiety disorders?
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- Benzodiazepines
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What is the other term for benzodiazepines?
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-valium and Xanax
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What is OCD?
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-Aggressive, sexual, and or religious forbidden thoughts -Symmetry/ordering -Contaminations |
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Premorbid phase
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The time period before it is possible to identify delays in early neurodevelopment that may suggest an increased risk of developing schizophrenia in the future.
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Prodromal phase
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The usual first phase of schizophrenia in which there is an insidious onset of problems, suggesting psychological deterioration.
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active phase
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the stage during which one or more psychotic symptoms, such delusions or hallucinations, appear.
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residual phase
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the stage in which most psychotic symptoms have subsided in frequency and intensity, the affected person may still be withdrawn and apathetic, behave strangely at times, and continue to show social and occupational impairments.
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Alogia
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a negative symptom of schizophrenia involving the failure to say much, if anything, in response to questions or comments.
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Avolition
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A negative symptom of schizophrenia in which patients may sit for hours making no attempt to do anything.
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Anhedonia
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Loss of the ability to enjoy activities central to a person's life.
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social drift hypothesis
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as people develop symptoms of schizophrenia, they slide down the socioeconomic ladder
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social causation theory
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suggests that the social stressors and environmental hazards associated with poverty breed episodes of schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals.
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What influences diagnosing?
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-cultural differences -financial motivation for clinitian |
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What is the prevalence of mental illness in adults in the US?
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-1 in 4 -24% |
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MAP
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-Medical minutes -Answers -P -Symptoms |
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Negative correlation
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-goes in different directions
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Positive correlation
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-goes in the same direction
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Galen
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-Humoral Theory
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Avicenna
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-Saved Ancient Roman information
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Pinel
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-Moral Treatment Movement
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Moral treatment Movement
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-Pinel unchained the mental illness patients
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Frontal is also called what
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Neo-Cortex
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Biopsychosocial Model
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-***
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Diathesis stress model
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-biological, psychological, and social -*** |
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Who are the founders of the psychological and bicultural theories?
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Freud, Harry Stack Sullivan, Thorndike
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Prevalence of intellectual disability?
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1 and 3%
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What are the ethical challenges in the article provided in class?
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***
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BDD
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What is the term for hair pulling?
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What is the term for skin picking
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ego dystonic
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-the awareness that symptoms are bad but cannot stop. (OCD)
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ego syntonic
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-Unaware that symptoms are bad. (schizophrenia)
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ERP
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-used to curve OCD disorder.
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