Abnormal Psychology

Front 1

The work of Rene Spitz:

Back 1

Correct raised serious questions about the harmful impact of institutionalization of children's development

Front 2

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA); U.S. Public Law 101-476 mandates:

Back 2

Correct all of the above

Front 3

At the end of the 19th century, children with mental retardation were regarded as:

Back 3

imbeciles

Front 4

Often called the father of Behaviorism, this man conducted the famous Little Albert studies of conditioned fear and proclaimed that he could train any infant to become a lawyer, doctor, beggar man, or thief. Who is he?

Back 4

Correct John Watson

Front 5

Which of the following is not a developmental task of adolescence?

Back 5

Correct self-control and compliance

Front 6

In the first half of the 20th century, most children with mental disorders were:

Back 6

institutionalized

Front 7

Children from poor and disadvantaged families demonstrate significantly more_____ than children who are not poor

Back 7

Correct all of the above

Front 8

Freud was the first to link mental disorders to:

Back 8

Correct early childhood experiences

Front 9

In the 17th and 18th centuries, children's disturbing behaviors were attributed to:

Back 9

Correct possession by the devil or other evil forces

Front 10

The protective triad refers to:

Back 10

Correct individual, family, and community factors that characterize resilient children

Front 11

According to the lecture, what is the 80% rule?

Back 11

Correct 80% of all children with one psychiatric diagnosis have two or more diagnoses

Front 12

John Locke (1632-1704) advanced the belief that children were:

Back 12

Correct emotionally sensitive beings

Front 13

Efforts to classify psychiatric disorders into descriptive categories are called:

Back 13

nosologies

Front 14

How did Jean-Marc Itard believe he could tame the "wild boy of Aveyron"?:

Back 14

Correct environmental stimulation

Front 15

The first disorder unique to children and adolescents was:

Back 15

Correct masturbatory insanity

Front 16

Conduct disorder may arise from different developmental pathways, a concept known as:

Back 16

equifinality

Front 17

During the early part of the 20th century, the biological disease model of mental problems led to:

Back 17

eugenics and segregation

Front 18

Multifinality refers to the observation that:

Back 18

Correct various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings

Front 19

There are a number of risk factors that increase the likelihood of a child developing psychological problems. All of the following are risk factors, but which one was highlighted as a key risk factor for older children and adolescents during the class lecture?

Back 19

Correct Lack of friends

Front 20

Phone surveys suggest that about ________ of 12- to 17-year-olds met criteria for either posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive episode, or substance abuse/dependence.

Back 20

Correct 16-19%

Front 21

The attachment pattern that has been linked to conduct problems and aggressive behavior is:

Back 21

Correct anxious-avoidant

Front 22

Which of the following statements about neural development is true?

Back 22

Correct Brain regions which govern basic sensorimotor skills undergo the most dramatic changes within the first 3 years of life.

Front 23

Windows of time during which environmental influences on development are enhanced are called:

Back 23

Correct sensitive periods

Front 24

________________ describes the "slow-to-warm-up child", who is cautious in approaching novel or challenging situations.

Back 24

Correct Fearful or inhibited

Front 25

____________ has been implicated in several psychological disorders, especially those connected to a person's response to stress and ability to regulate emotions.

Back 25

Correct The HPA axis

Front 26

__________ explain the acquisition of problem behavior on the basis of paired associations between previously neutral stimuli (e.g., homework), and unconditioned stimuli (e.g., parental anger).

Back 26

Correct Classical conditioning models

Front 27

Larry often screams, “I want a cookie! I want a cookie!” His mother, not being able to stand another minute of Larry’s screaming, always gives him a cookie when he starts screaming. Larry grabs the cookie and quietly eats it. By giving him a cookie and causing Larry to stop screaming, his mother has _________ Larry and _______ herself.

Back 27

Correct positively reinforced; negatively reinforced

Front 28

___________ theorists argue that a child's behavior can only be understood in terms of relationships with others.

Back 28

Correct Family systems

Front 29

The part of the brain that is implicated in disorders affecting motor behavior is the:

Back 29

Correct basal ganglia

Front 30

Etiology refers to the ___________ of childhood disorders.

Back 30

causation

Front 31

This hormone, often called the stress hormone, is released by the adrenal gland and excessive amounts have been implicated in stress-related disorders.

Back 31

cortisol

Front 32

A central tenet of developmental psychopathology is that to understand maladaptive behavior it is necessary to consider:

Back 32

Correct what is normative for a given period of development

Front 33

Infants that are wary of new situations and strangers and who often cannot be comforted by the caregiver are likely to have a(n) ____________ attachment pattern.

Back 33

Correct anxious-resistant

Front 34

The process of attachment typically begins between _________ of age.

Back 34

Correct 6-12 months

Front 35

Assuming a continuity perspective of abnormal development, which of the following behaviors would you expect from a 14-year-old who at age 6 would push and shove other children?

Back 35

Correct punching peers

Front 36

The _________ lobes contain the functions underlying much of our thinking and reasoning abilities.

Back 36

frontal

Front 37

This neurotransmitter has been implicated in both ADHD and schizophrenia.

Back 37

dopamine

Front 38

Which of the following statements about genetics is false?

Back 38

Correct Genes determine behavior.

Front 39

Brofenbrenner's (1977) model does not include a consideration of:

Back 39

Correct the model includes a consideration of all of these

Front 40

The dynamic interaction of child and environment is referred to as:

Back 40

transaction

Front 41

In an A-B-A-B design, the "B" stands for:

Back 41

intervention

Front 42

The degree to which findings can be generalized to children, settings, times, measures, and characteristics other than the one in a particular study is referred to as:

Back 42

Correct external validity

Front 43

Variables that are associated at a particular point in time with no clear proof that one precedes the other are said to be:

Back 43

correlated

Front 44

Asking college students to describe their childhood relationships with peers is an example of a ________________ design.

Back 44

retrospective

Front 45

The overlapping or co-occurrence of disorders is called:

Back 45

comorbidity

Front 46

Research procedures that may harm a child physically or psychologically should be used:

Back 46

never

Front 47

Skepticism exists regarding research in abnormal child psychology because:

Back 47

Correct all of these

Front 48

A correlation of -.75 between age and amount of time spent in REM sleep means that:

Back 48

Correct older people spend less time in REM sleep

Front 49

___________ are used to study cerebral glucose metabolism.

Back 49

Correct PET scans

Front 50

___________ validity refers to the degree of correlation between measures that are expected to be related to one another.

Back 50

Convergent

Front 51

A limitation of psychophysiological measures is:

Back 51

Correct high level of inference for interpretation

Front 52

The greater the degree of control that a researcher has over the _____________, the more a study approximates a true experiment.

Back 52

Correct independent variable

Front 53

To know if a treatment would truly be useful in community settings, researchers should focus on treatment _____________.

Back 53

Correct effectiveness

Front 54

In ____________ research, different individuals at different ages or stages of development are studied at the same point in time.

Back 54

Correct cross-sectional

Front 55

Emily's mother was asked to complete a behavior checklist on two separate occasions several weeks apart. The results yielded from both occasions were very similar. The behavior checklist can be said to be:

Back 55

reliable

Front 56

If a study of the effect of divorce found a more negative impact for girls than for boys, sex would be a:

Back 56

Correct moderating variable

Front 57

When the conditions of a study only resemble or approximate the conditions of interest, questions may be raised about the ___________ of the study.

Back 57

Correct external validity

Front 58

The final responsibility for ethical integrity of a research project is with:

Back 58

Correct the investigator

Front 59

__________ rates refer to the extent to which new cases of a disorder appear over a specified time period.

Back 59

Incidence

Front 60

To record electrical activity of the brain, one would want to use a(n):

Back 60

EEG

Front 61

The assessment of childhood problems typically makes use of a(n) __________ approach.

Back 61

Correct multi-method

Front 62

An advantage of behavior checklists over interviews is that checklists allow a clinician to ______________ while interviews typically do not.

Back 62

Correct compare results to a normative sample

Front 63

Seeing a child for regular ongoing follow-up visits following initial treatment is referred to as the ______________ model of treatment.

Back 63

Correct dental care

Front 64

Which of the following is not a criticism of the DSM-IV-TR?

Back 64

Correct It fails to consider factors such as culture, age, and gender associated with the expression of each disorder.

Front 65

The "C" in the "ABCs of behavioral assessment" stands for:

Back 65

consequences

Front 66

Unstructured interviews tend to be _______________ than semi-structured interviews.

Back 66

Correct less reliable and more flexible

Front 67

Which of the following is not true of the meta-analytic findings of research therapy with children?

Back 67

Correct Treatments have been shown to be more effective for internalizing that for externalizing disorders.

Front 68

The most universally used assessment procedure with parents and children is:

Back 68

Correct the clinical interview

Front 69

All of the following psychological disorders are more common among males than females except:

Back 69

Correct adolescent depression

Front 70

The ___________ classification approach assumes that all children possess the same traits to varying degrees.

Back 70

dimensional

Front 71

A ____________ case formulation emphasizes general inferences that apply to broad groups of individuals.

Back 71

nomothetic

Front 72

___________ means generating predictions concerning future behavior under specified conditions.

Back 72

Prognosis

Front 73

_____________ approaches to treatment view child psychopathology as the result of faulty thought patterns and faulty learning and environmental experiences.

Back 73

Correct Cognitive-behavioral

Front 74

The most commonly used intelligence scale today is the:

Back 74

Correct Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV)

Front 75

Research demonstrates that, with respect to aggression, girls:

Back 75

Correct engage in more relational forms of aggression

Front 76

Neuropsychological assessments are primarily used to:

Back 76

Correct make inferences about central nervous system dysfunction

Front 77

Dr. Freud asks the patient his name, age, date, day of the week, to count backwards from 100 by 7s, and other similar questions. What common assessment technique is Dr. Freud using?

Back 77

Correct Mental status examination

Front 78

Which of the following would not be reported on Axis I of the DSM-IV-TR?

Back 78

Correct mental retardation

Front 79

This commonly administered personality test for adolescents, which also has an adult version, includes validity scales to measure honesty in responding as well as 10 clinical scales designed to measures constructs such as depression, paranoia, and schizophrenia.

Back 79

Correct MMPI-A

Front 80

The Rorschach is an example of a(n) ____________ test.

Back 80

projective

Front 81

Which of the following statements best describes how to establish good sleep hygiene?

Back 81

Correct go to bed at the same time every night; if not asleep within 15 minutes, get up and do something soothing before going back to bed; get up every morning at the same time

Front 82

In the early 1900's, children with enuresis were considered:

Back 82

Correct emotionally and behaviorally disturbed

Front 83

The most successful treatment for nocturnal enuresis is:

Back 83

Correct Urine alarm to classically condition child to wake up when he/she has to pee

Front 84

Children with forms of recurrent unexplained pain are more likely to _________ than children whose pain is due to organic causes.

Back 84

Correct identify someone in their family who often expresses pain

Front 85

According to the 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, approximately how many 12-17 year-olds met criteria for substance abuse or dependence?

Back 85

Correct 8%

Front 86

Up until the age of ______, children spend more time asleep than awake.

Back 86

Correct 5 years

Front 87

Which of the following statements about childhood cancer is not true?

Back 87

Correct None of these are false.

Front 88

The most common chronic illness in childhood is:

Back 88

asthma

Front 89

The only dyssomnia that often requires drug therapy is:

Back 89

narcolepsy

Front 90

Research suggests that children cope best with painful medical procedures when:

Back 90

Correct the procedure is explained first

Front 91

Which of the following would most likely be used as treatment for an adolescent diagnosed with an SUD?

Back 91

Correct Multisystemic Therapy

Front 92

Kevin is 16 years old. He primarily smokes marijuana, but he likes a good drink now and then. Over the past two years he has been drunk about 5 or 6 times, although he usually just has a beer or two on weekends. Just like when he first started drinking, he still has to drink about 3-4 beers before he feels a buzz. Once he received a DUI when driving after drinking. He prefers smoking marijuana to drinking, however. When he started smoking pot two years ago, he could get high with just a hit or two. Now he smokes a couple of joints before he even begins to feel mellow. He’s received two public intoxication citations because of being high on marijuana. He has promised his parents he would stop all drinking and smoking. Although he feels fine when he stops drinking for a few weeks at a time, he feels really bad when he doesn’t smoke marijuana at least once a day. His parents finally send him to treatment. Which of the following are his most likely diagnoses?

Back 92

Correct alcohol abuse and cannabis dependence

Front 93

One of the most important correlates of adjustment of children with chronic illness is:

Back 93

Correct parental adjustment

Front 94

Nightmares usually occur:

Back 94

Correct during the last half of the sleep cycle

Front 95

Mary is a 35-year-old mother of two who was just arrested for repeated poisoning of her 3-year-old daughter. Even her husband was surprised that Mary had done such a thing because she always seemed like such a loving, caring mother. The 3-year-old had been ill much of her life and everyone had admired Mary for how she stayed with her daughter constantly and always conforted her, although now it appears that Mary was poisoning her daughter and keeping her ill all this time. What is the likely diagnosis for Mary?

Back 95

Correct Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy

Front 96

For how long would an adolescent have to show a maladaptive pattern of substance use to be diagnosed with substance dependence?

Back 96

12 months

Front 97

Sleep deprivation impairs functioning of the:

Back 97

Correct prefrontal cortex

Front 98

Which of the following is not likely to increase the risk of substance abuse?

Back 98

Correct high parental expectations for abstaining from alcohol

Front 99

Which of the following statements about encopresis is not true?

Back 99

Correct Encopresis usually results from psychological disturbance.

Front 100

Which of the following personality characteristics has a clear link to adolescent substance use?

Back 100

Correct sensation seeking

Front 101

Recently, the symptoms that have been emphasized as the central impairments of ADHD are:

Back 101

Correct difficulty inhibiting behavior and poor self-regulation

Front 102

The mental processes underlying children's capacity for self-regulation are called:

Back 102

Correct executive functions

Front 103

The brain damage theory of ADHD, which arose in the 1940s and 1950s, was discarded because:

Back 103

Correct it could explain only a very small number of cases of ADHD

Front 104

In comparison to children with ADHD-HI, children with the subtype ADHD-PI are at greater risk of:

Back 104

Correct anxiety/mood disorders

Front 105

Mothers of children with ADHD are also more likely to have:

Back 105

depression

Front 106

An educational intervention for ADHD may include:

Back 106

Correct all of these

Front 107

When Jessica sits down to do her homework and study she is easily distracted by the television in another room. Jessica demonstrates a deficit in:

Back 107

Correct selective attention

Front 108

Results of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA Study) were that:

Back 108

Correct three years after the conclusion of the treatment, only the medication management group continued to benefit from treatment

Front 109

The core attentional deficit in ADHD is believed by many to be:

Back 109

Correct sustained attention/vigilance

Front 110

Children with ADHD who are at increased risk for conduct or oppositional problems are those who exhibit:

Back 110

Correct behavioral impulsivity

Front 111

Girls with ADHD are more likely than girls without ADHD to:

Back 111

Correct have conduct, mood, and anxiety disorders

Front 112

Which of the following is not an additional criteria for a diagnosis of ADHD?

Back 112

Correct Symptoms must appear prior to age 12

Front 113

What might be the most difficult task for a child with ADHD?

Back 113

Correct working for 45 minutes on a sheet of simple math problems

Front 114

Research into causal factors provides strong evidence for ADHD as a disorder with __________ determinants.

Back 114

Correct neurobiological

Front 115

Research on the treatment of ADHD indicates that __________ is best for treating the core symptoms of ADHD such as hyperactivity and inability to sustain attention, but _________ has been shown to be important for improving symptoms such as poor social skills and problematic parent-child interactions.

Back 115

Correct stimulant medication; behavioral therapy

Front 116

The most common co-morbid psychological disorder(s) in children with ADHD is/are:

Back 116

Correct conduct disorder & oppositional defiant disorder

Front 117

Which is not true regarding ADHD and culture?

Back 117

Correct ADHD has been found to occur more in higher SES groups than lower ones

Front 118

Stimulant medications work by:

Back 118

Correct altering neurotransmitter activity in the frontostriatal region of the brain (stimulating areas that are underaroused)

Front 119

Which of the following statements best describes the intelligence of a child with ADHD?

Back 119

Correct Most children with ADHD are of average intelligence.

Front 120

When is a child with ADHD likely to display more motor activity than other children?

Back 120

Correct when asked to sit still at his desk

Front 121

Mothers of children with conduct disorder often display:

Back 121

Correct histrionic personality and depression

Front 122

Children with adolescent-onset Conduct Disorder (CD) are ________________ than those with childhood-onset CD.

Back 122

Correct less likely to persist in their antisocial behavior as they get older

Front 123

Many early experiences and influences play a significant role in the development of conduct problems. _______________ is the best predictor of continued conduct problems throughout childhood and adolescence, and the best predictor of a boy going to jail is __________.

Back 123

Correct Early antisocial behavior with deviant peers; his father being in jail

Front 124

Which of the following is not a characteristic of parent-management training for conduct problems?

Back 124

Correct intensive and direct intervention of the therapist with the child

Front 125

Fathers of children with conduct disorder often display:

Back 125

Correct antisocial personality disorder, substance abuse, and criminality

Front 126

____________ refers to the concept that the child's behavior is both influenced by and influences the behavior of others.

Back 126

Correct Reciprocal influence

Front 127

Rule violations such as running away, setting fires, skipping school, and using drugs and alcohol are referred to as:

Back 127

Correct externalizing and delinquent behaviors

Front 128

A child with antisocial behavior has:

Back 128

Correct an overactive BAS and an underactive BIS

Front 129

Deficits in executive functions in children with conduct problems are likely due to:

Back 129

Correct the presence of ADHD

Front 130

An early symptom of Conduct Disorder (CD) in girls is often:

Back 130

Correct sexual misbehaviors

Front 131

_______________ describes children who display an age-inappropriate recurrent pattern of stubborn, hostile, and defiant behaviors:

Back 131

Correct Oppositional defiant disorder

Front 132

Children who engage in covert behaviors only are typically:

Back 132

Correct less social, more anxious, and more suspicious of others

Front 133

The prevalence rate for Conduct Disorder (CD) is about:

Back 133

Correct 2%-6%

Front 134

Delinquency, in the legal sense, may result from _____________, whereas a mental disorder requires ______________.

Back 134

Correct one or two isolated acts, a persistent pattern of antisocial behaviors

Front 135

Which of the following treatment approaches has been shown to be least helpful, and possibly counterproductive, when treating conduct problems in children and adolescents?

Back 135

Correct Boot camps

Front 136

Which of the following youth are most likely to continue with antisocial behavior into adulthood?

Back 136

Correct Milo, age 14, who killed a cat at age 8, has been regularly truant since second grade, and initiates fights at school and elsewhere

Front 137

Which of the following statements about the stability of antisocial behavior is true?

Back 137

Correct Aggressive behavior is highly stable over the course of the lifespan, about as stable as IQ scores.

Front 138

"Psychopathy" is marked by:

Back 138

Correct a pattern of deceitful, callous, manipulative, and remorseless behavior

Front 139

In high-risk neighborhoods, _______________ can protect against the development of antisocial behavior.

Back 139

Correct a positive school experience

Front 140

Youth with Conduct Disorder (CD), on average, have a normal IQs, but their IQs are generally ___ points lower than their non-CD peers. Youth with childhood-onset CD often have ___________ IQs than youth with adolescent-onset CD.

Back 140

Correct 8; somewhat lower