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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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BIOS
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except motherboard most important chip
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BIOS system software chip
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contains software to boot the system and allows operating system to interact w/certain hardware
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AMI,Phoenix/Award, Windbond
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BIOS manufacturers
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POST
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Major function of BIOS
power on self check |
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POST Ends when
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beep code or
displayed code |
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Configure and apply BIOS
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install firmware upgrades
BIOS component information use built in diagnostics monitoring |
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BIOS component information
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Boot sequence
enable and disable device date/time clock speed virtualization support |
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virtualization support
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BIOS security (password, drive, encryption: TPM, lo-jack)
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BIOS Monitoring
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temperature
fan speed intrusion detection notification voltage clock speed |
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Difference between motherboard, components, and properties
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size
expansion slot RAM slots CPU sockets Chipset Jumpers power connection and typed front panel connectors |
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size of motherboards
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ATX
MicroATX ITX |
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ATX Information
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*12 x 9.6
*processor and memory slots at right angles to expansion cards *processor and memory in line w/fan output of the power supply to run cooler *can run full-length expansion cards |
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MicroATX
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* 9.6 × 9.6
*follows ATX principle component placement *must give up quantity -quantity of memory slots - motherboard headers, - expansion slots, - integrated components - fewer ATX chassis bays |
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MicroATX power
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Power with lower wattage down heat
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ITX design
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developed by VIA as low power
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ITX family of form factors
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Mini ITX, Nana ITX, Pico ITX, Mobile ITX
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Expansion slots
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PCI, pci-x, PCIe, mini PCI, CNR, AGP 2x, 4x, 8x
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Chipset
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Northbridge, Southbridge, CMOS battery
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Jumpers
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Used for clearing CMOS memory
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moniker JPX (x is unique number)
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Level 4 jumpers
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DIP
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Dual in-line package
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Reset button
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reboot computer from cold start.
It's around for lock up Because restarts from hardware level Disadvantage - certain circuits, such as memory chips, need time to drain their charge for the reboot to be successful |
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PCMCIA
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Personal computer memory card international association
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PCI expansion slot
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32 bit
66 MHz over 32 bit channel resulting in data rates of 266 MBPS ** mixing 33 and 66 MHz adapters and 66 MHz system was slow adapters down to 33 MHZ |
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Most common PCI
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133 MBps
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PCI
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Peripheral component interconnect
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List expansion slots
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PCI, pci-x, PCIe, mini PCI, CNR, AGP 2 x, 4x, 8x
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Bus
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Common collection of signal pathways which related devices communicate within the computer system
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Expansion buses
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AGP or PCI
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L1 - L2 - L3 - ram - HDD / SDD
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Increasing order of capacity and distance from the processor
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Virtual memory does ________ to the computer
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Slows down the computer
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Virtual memory definition
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Use hard drive for additional RAM known as swap file or paging file
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out of memory
Error message |
Primary memory not adequate the service additional request for memory resources for newly launched application
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Solution virtual memory
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Applications fails to run due to lack of memory
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Level 1 cashe
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Internal memory built into the processor
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Level 2 cashe
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On the motherboard known as external cash
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Level 3 cache
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Present in the processors package but not on the die
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Cache memory
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When it is not RAM you need to enhance your speed Engineers add this between the CPU and RAM
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Swap file or paging file
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Use a hard drive for additional Ram also known as virtual memory
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RAM slots
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Holds memory chips
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Function of Ram
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Hold memory on the computer to run current programs
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Northbridge runs these
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CPU, memory and cache, AGP slots, PCIe slot,
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Front side bus
FSB |
Communicates CPU to memory
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Clock signal
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FSB is driven by what
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motherboard
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spine of the computer
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System board and main board
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Other names of the motherboard
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printed circuit board
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The motherboard is also PCB
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motherboard foundation
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Conductive series of pathways laminated on a non-conductive substrate
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DIMM function
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Small circuit board to hold memory chips
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MCC
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Memory component chip
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Address bus, External bus
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CPU uses __________to talk to the MCC MCC grabs memory and takes it to the ________________back to the CPU
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Add RAM
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Most cost-effective way to upgrade computer
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cell
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stores a single bit of data
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nibble
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4 bits
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32 or 64 bits wide among other widths
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set of data lines between the CPU and the primary memory of the system
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3 memory type
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1. volatile vs non volatile
2. static vs dynamics 3 asynchronous vs synchronous |
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non-volatile
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Memory that keeps that's without power
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Ram, CMOS, are examples of what type of memory
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Volatile
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Volatile definition
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memory lost without power
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prom, eprom, eeprom, flash , are examples of what type of memory
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non-volatile
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Dynamic Ram (DRAM)
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Must be continually refreshed
Inexpensive Physically small chip Main system |
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Static Ram( SRAM)
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Refreshing not required
More expensive Larger and faster CMOS keeps it running cashe memory |
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Asynchronous memory
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1 not synchronized to system clock
2 consistent time to access and read data |
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Synchronous memory
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1. Synchronized to the system clock
2. Access is data and returns in one or more clock cycles |
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Dual and triple channel memory
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Developed to alleviate the bottleneck between the CPU and are am
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Triple channel architectures
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Form of interleaving that reduces the amount of information transferred by each module
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DRDRAM
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Direct Rambus dram
* rise and fall of clock signal * twice as fast *200 megahertz *200 cycles |
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SDR
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Single data rate
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vram
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Video ram
*optimize for videos *dual sport |
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Name access types of memory
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1 DRAM
2 VRAM 3 SDR 4 SRAM 5 DRDRAM |
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Synchronized dynamic random access memory ( SDRAM) lists
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DDR, DDR 2, DDR3, DDR 4
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Integrated GPU
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Built-in graphics processing units
* Intel and AMD * takes burden off of CPU * minimizes the amount of off package communication that must occur improving system performance |
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7 fans
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Most PCs have this many fans
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List the 7 fans
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Front intake fan, rear exhaust fan, power supply exhaust fan, CPU fan, chipset fan, video card chipset fan, memory module fan
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Front intake fan
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Used to bring fresh air into the computer
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Rear exhaust fan
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You to take hot air out of case
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Power supply exhaust fan
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Used to Kohl's power supply and draw air from inside the case into vents in the power supply
* rear exhaust fan supplements power supply fan |
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CPU fan
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Cool the processor
* attached to the heat sink |
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Chipset fan
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Helps prevent overclocking
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Video card chipset fan
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Cool video cards video card
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Memory module fan
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Expand for memory for extra safety to keep it cool
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Two types of memory cooling
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Passive and active
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Passive memory cooling
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Uses case airflow to call memory
1.heat sinks are heat spreaders 2. aluminum or copper housing that wraps around memory chips |
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Active memory cooling
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Forcing air or water around RAM chips or around the heat sinks
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Two types of CPU cooler
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1. Air cooling
2. Advanced cooling methods |
