Stats Quiz 1.1-1.6

Front 1

Statistics

Back 1

Science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing info to draw conclusions or answer questions

Front 2

Population

Back 2

Entire group to be studied

Front 3

Sample

Back 3

Subset of the population to be studied

Front 4

Individual

Back 4

Person or o jet that is a member of the population being studied

Front 5

Qualitative variables

Back 5

Describes and individual by placing into a descriptive catagory

Hint 5

Nationality, gender

Front 6

Quantitative variable

Back 6

Variables that have value or numerical measurements

Hint 6

Age, measurements

Front 7

Population data

Back 7

Data from EVERY individual of interest

Front 8

Sample data

Back 8

Data from only some of the individuals of interest

Front 9

Parameter

Back 9

Numerical summary of a population (quantitative)

Hint 9

Population Parameter (PP)

Front 10

Statistics

Back 10

Numerical summary of a sample (quantitative)

Hint 10

Sample Statistics (SS)

Front 11

Observational study

Back 11

Measures the response w/o attempting to influence oranipulate either the response or explanatory variable

Front 12

Designed experiment

Back 12

When a researcher assigns the individuals in a study to a certain group, intentionally changes the value of an explanatory variable and then records the value of each response for each group

Front 13

Observation studies can determine...

Back 13

Associations

Front 14

Experiments can determine...

Back 14

Causation

Front 15

Census

Back 15

List of all individuals in a population along w/ certain characteristics of each individual

Front 16

Lurking variable

Back 16

An explanatory variable that was not considered in the experiment, but affects the value of the response variable

Front 17

Simple random sample

Back 17

Measurement from a population is a subset of a population that is selected in such a way that every sample of size "n" from the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample

Front 18

Systematic sampling

Back 18

# all members of population sequentially. Then starting at a random person, including every kth member

Front 19

Cluster sampling

Back 19

Divide the population into segments/clusters. Chopse a random sample of clusters. Include EVERY member of the clusters. Generally deals with geographic locations

Front 20

Convenience sample

Back 20

Create a sample in which the individuals are easily obtained and not based on randomness

Front 21

Multi stage sampling

Back 21

Uses a variety of sampling methods to create, successively, smaller groups @ each stage

Front 22

Bias

Back 22

If the results of the sample is not fully representative of the population

Front 23

Sampling bias

Back 23

Under represent a sample -> obtain data from a population that favors one group more than the other groups

Front 24

Non response bias

Back 24

Individuals who do not respond to surveys either cause don't care or can't get ahold of

Front 25

Voluntary response variable

Back 25

Individuals with strong feelings about a survey topic are more willing to take a survey

Front 26

Response bias

Back 26

When the answers/data of the survey do not reflect the true feelings of the respondent 7 reasons

Front 27

7 reasons for response bias

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Vague wording, hidden bias/wishing of questions, ordering of questions, types of questions (open it closed end), truthfulness of responses, faulty recall, interviewer influence

Front 28

Experiment

Back 28

A treatment is deliberately imposed on the individuals in order to observe a possible change in response

Front 29

Subject

Back 29

Individuals or experimental unit

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Control group

Back 30

Does not get the treatment

Front 31

Blinding

Back 31

Reason for placebo -> refers to non disclosure of the v treatment a subject is receiving

Front 32

Steps 1 in designing experiment

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Identify the problem to be solved

Front 33

Steps 2 in designing experimen

Back 33

Determine the factors that affect the response variable (ie age, health, lifestyle, etc)

Front 34

Steps 3 in designing experimen

Back 34

Determine the # of subjects

Front 35

Steps 4 in designing experimen

Back 35

Determine the impact/level of each factor from step 2 and make sure they are controlled

Front 36

Steps 5 in designing experimen

Back 36

Conduct your experiment and collect data

Front 37

Steps 6 in designing experimen

Back 37

State your conclusion, findings, and side effects