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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antibiotic |
a substance produced naturally by a microbe that in a small amounts, inhibits another microbe |
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Antimicrobial Drugs |
synthetic substaces (made by people) that interfere with the growth of microbes. |
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Narrow-spectrum antibiotics |
those that affect a narrow range of microbial types |
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Broad-spectrum antibiotics |
those that affect a broad range of gram positive and/or gram negative bacteria |
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Bactericidal |
kill microbes directly |
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Bacteriostatic |
prevent microbes from growing and multiplying. Then your immune system can kill them. |
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Inhibiting cell wall synthesis |
penicillins prevent the crosslinking of peptidoglycan |
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What are five general modes? |
inhibiting cell wall synthesis inhibiting protein synthesis injuring the plasma membrane inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis inhibiting the systhesis of essential metabolites |
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Inhibiting protein synthesis |
target bacterial 70s Ribosomes. our cells have 80s robisomes but mitochondria have 70s ribosomes |
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Injuring the plasma membrabe |
lipopeptide antibiotics change membrage permeability. can affect inner and outer membranes of Gram (-) bacteria. |
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Inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis |
interfere with DNA replication and/or transcription |
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Inhibiting the synthesis of essential metabolites |
antimetabolites compete with normal substrates for an enzyme |
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Persister cells |
microbes with genetic characteristics allowing for their survival when exposed to an antibiotic |
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Superbugs |
bacteria that are resistant to several different antibiotics |
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What are the five basic mechanisms? |
enzymatic destruction or inactive of the drug. prevention of penetration to the target site within the microbe alteration of the drug's target site rapid efflux of the antibiotic variation of mechanisms of resistance |
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What are the three examples of antibiotics misuse |
using outdated antibiotics using antibiotics for viral infections failing to complete the prescribed regimen using someone else's leftover prescription |
