Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why is the backflow of urine possible
|
because there are no valves in the ureters
|
|
What does convoluted mean
|
coiled
|
|
How many ureters
|
2
|
|
Name the last portion of the renal tubule that delivers urine to the minor calyces
|
collecting duct
|
|
How long is the ureter
|
10-12 inches long
|
|
What is the name of the ball of capillaries embedded in Bowman's capsule
|
Glomerulus
|
|
List the functions of the Urinary System
|
1) Help keep body in homeostasis
2) Control composition of blood 3) Remove and restore selected amounts of various wastes 4) Regulate acid-base balance |
|
How does low blood pressure affect urine output
|
Decreases urine output
|
|
How does elevated temperature influence urine output
|
decreases urine output
|
|
How does elevated blood pressure influence urine output
|
increases urine output
|
|
How many kidneys
|
2
|
|
How do diuretics influence urine output
|
increases urine output
|
|
How does blood volume influence urine output
|
Decreases urine output
|
|
Which systems aid in waste elimination
|
Integumentary,
Respiratory, Digestive |
|
Which sphincter is under conscious or voluntary control
|
External urethral sphincter
|
|
What is the name of the functional units of the kidneys
|
nephrons
|
|
If you found a urine sample to smell sweet, what would it tell you about the patient
|
He is probably diabetic
|
|
The kidneys are located between the levels of what vertebrae
|
T12 to L3
|
|
When the body cells use protein, what is the waste product found in the urine called
|
Urea
|
|
After reabsorption has occured in the tubules, and blood is placed back into the bloodstream, what is the remaining water and waste called
|
Urine
|
|
What 2 mechanisms asist urine to the bladder through the ureters
|
Peristalsis Gravity
|
|
How much urine in the bladder stimulates the micturation reflex
|
150 - 200 ml
|
|
The expanded upper end of the ureter is called the _______ _________
|
Renal Pelvis
|
|
What structures transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
|
Ureters
|
|
What organs of the urinary tract filters the urine
|
kidneys
|
|
How many urethra
|
1
|
|
name the tube by which urine leaves the bladder
|
urethra
|
|
In relationship to the vagina, where is the bladder located
|
Anterior
|
|
Which part of the kidneys reabsorbs most of the H2O through its walls
|
the tubules
|
|
Name the substance produced by the kidneys which neutralizes acids
|
Amonia
|
|
After most of the H2O and nutrients are reabsorbed in the walls of the tubules where does the blood go
|
back into the blood stream
|
|
Kidney failure causes a syndrome called
|
Uremia
|
|
Released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to low blood volume and increased concentration of solute in the plasma
|
ADH
|
|
Reabsorption of 178.5 L of filtrate
|
Tubular reabsorption
|
|
Filtrates 180 L of filtrate in 24 hours
|
Glomerulus
|
|
3 regions of the kidney
|
cortex,
medulla, pelvis |
|
Urinary system includes what organs
|
Kidneys,
Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra |
|
What are 4 organs of excretion
|
kidney
skin lungs intestines |
|
what are the 3 processes of urine formation
|
Glomerular filtration
Tubular Reabsorption Tubular secretion |
|
Often develops in response to declining renal blood flow
|
Oliguria
|
|
A drug that blocks the effects of aldosterone may cause
|
Increase in plasma K+
|
|
Why is glucose normally not excreted in urine
|
all filtered glucose is reabsorbed
|
|
a drug that blocks the renal reabsorption of Na+ causes
|
diuresis
|
|
Urination is also called
|
Micturition
|
|
A potent vasopressor that is generated by the action of converting enzyme
|
angiotensin II
|
|
This hormone stimulates the tubules to reabsorb calcium and excrete phosphate
|
parathyroid hormone
|
|
This enzyme is secreted by the lungs and changes angiotensin I to angiotensin II
|
converting enzyme
|
|
This hormone is secreted by the kidneys in response to low plasma levels of oxygen; it stimulates red blood cell production by the bone marrow
|
erythropoiten
|
|
This posterior pituitary hormone determines the membrane permeablity of the collecting duct to water
|
antidiuretic hormone
|
|
A deficiency of this hormone causes diabetes insipidus
|
antidiuretic hormone ADH
|
|
This hormone is secreted by the walls of the heart; it caises the renal excretion of Na+ and water
|
BNP Brain narriuretic peptide
|
|
This hormone is called the salt retaining hormone
|
Aldosterone
|
|
This mineralocorticoid is secreted by the adrenal cortex
|
aldosterone
|
|
This hormone stimulates the distal tubule to reabsorb Na+ and excrete K+
|
aldosterone
|
|
This enzyme is secreted by the JGA juxtaglomerular apparatus cells & activates angiotensinogen
|
Renin
|
|
This large blood vessel delivers oxygen rich blood to the kidneys
|
renal artery
|
|
Blood flows from the glomerulus into these blood vessels
|
efferent arterioles
|
|
The urine making structure of the kidney
|
Nephron Unit
|
|
A cuplike structure that receives urine from the colecting duct
|
calyx
|
|
Hairpin tubulat structure between the proximal and distal tubules
|
loop of henle
|
|
These tiny blood vessels deliver blood to the golmeruli
|
afferent arterioles
|
|
most reabsorption occurs across this peritubular capillary structure
|
proximaml convoluted tubule
|
|
Filtration occurs across the membrane of this vascular structure
|
Glomerulus
|
|
these capillaries surround the tubules and reabsorb huge amounts of water & solute
|
peritubular capillaries
|
|
urine flows from the proximal tubule into this structure
|
loop of henle
|
|
The tuft of capillaries that sits within the Bowmans capsule
|
Glomerulus
|
|
This structure receives urine from the distal convoluted tubule
|
collecting duct
|
|
the tubular site that is most responsive to ADH
|
collecting duct
|
|
the prostate gland surrounds the upper region of this structure
|
urethra
|
|
the walls of this structure folds into rugae so as to allow for expansion
|
urinary bladder
|
|
the basin that collects the urine from the calyces
|
renal pelvis
|
|
the lighter outer region of the kidney
|
renal cortex
|
|
the reservoir that stores urine
|
urinary bladder
|
|
the structure involved in urinary retention
|
urinary bladder
|
|
renal supression is most associated with
|
kidneys
|
|
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
|
cystitis
|
|
Enlarged prostate gland prevents the emptying of this structure
|
urinary bladder
|
|
tubes that receive urine from the renal pelvis
|
ureters
|
|
the structure that contains the detrusor muscle and the trigone
|
urinary bladder
|
|
the external urinary sphincter is located at the distal end of this structure
|
urinary bladder
|
|
tube that conducts urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior pf the body
|
urethra
|
|
the urine making organ
|
kidney
|
|
the tube that conducts urine from the kidney to the bladder
|
ureter
|
|
the average amount of urine expelled in 24 hours
|
1500 ml
|
|
the average pH of urine
|
6.0
|
|
the specific gravity of urine
|
slightly heavier than water
(1.001-1.035) |
|
the average color of urine
|
yellow
amber straw colored deep yellow in dehydration pale yellow with overhydration |
|
indicates an increased permeability of the glomerulus; sometimes exercise or pregnancy will result in this protein in urine
|
Albuminuria
|
|
this glucose in urine usually indicates diabetes mellitus
|
Glycosuria
|
|
red blood cells in urine,bleeding in urinary tract; indicated inflammation, trauma, or disease
|
hematuria
|
|
Hemoglobin in urine, indicates hemolysis (transfusion reactions, hemolytic anemia)
|
Hemoglobinuria
|
|
white blood cells in urine, indicates infection within the kidney or urinary tract
|
pyuria (pus)
|
|
ketone bodies in urine, usually indicates uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (fats are rapidly and incompletely metabolized)
|
ketonuria
|
|
bilirubin in urine, usually indicates disease involving the liver and/or billary tree
|
bilirubinuria
|
|
male urethra is how long
|
8 inches
|
|
female urethra is how long
|
1.5 inches
|