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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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…consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder and the urethra.
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The urinary system
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…consists of the metabolic waste urea, excess water, excess ions and toxic wastes that may have been consumed with food.
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The urine
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List the functions of the urinary system.
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(1) Excretion
(2) Maintain blood volume and concentration (3) pH regulation (4) Blood pressure (5) Erythrocyte concentration (6) Vitamin D production |
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The kidneys produce the enzyme _____, which helps adjust filtration pressure.
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renin
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The kidneys produce ______________, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in red bone marrow.
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erythropoietin
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What is the active form of vitamin D?
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calciferol
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…are paired organs that are reddish in color and resemble kidney beans in shape.
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The kidneys
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…is slightly lower than the other because of the large area occupied by the liver.
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The right kidney
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What are the dimensions of the average adult kidney?
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11.25 cm (4 inches) long,
5 to 7.5 cm (2-3 inches) wide, and 2.5 cm (1 inch) thick |
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Near the center of the concave border of the kidney is a notch called the _____ through which the ureter leaves the kidney.
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hilum
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The hilum is the entrance to a cavity in the kidney called the _____ _____, which consists of connective tissue and fat.
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renal sinus
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What is the innermost layer of tissue surrounding the kidney called?
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renal capsule
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…functions as a barrier against infection and trauma to the kidney.
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The renal capsule
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The second layer, on top of the renal capsule, is the…
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adipose capsule.
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It is a mass of fatty tissue that protects the kidney from blows.
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adipose capsule
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The outermost layer is the _____ ______, which consists of a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue that also anchors the kidneys to their surrounding structures and to the abdominal wall.
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renal fascia
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Within the medulla are 8 to 18 striated, triangular structures called the…
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renal pyramids.
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The tips of the renal pyramids are known as the…
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renal papillae.
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Together, the cortex and the renal pyramids make up the __________ of the kidney.
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parenchyma
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…are the functional units of the kidney. They regulate the composition and volume of blood and form the urine.
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The nephrons
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A funnel-shaped structure called the ____ _____ surrounds the tip of each renal pyramid.
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minor calyx
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The major calyces join together to form the large collecting funnel called the _____ ______, which is found in the renal sinus.
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renal pelvis
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It is the renal pelvis that eventually narrows to for the…
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ureter.
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