Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Name the 7 principal regions and Organs of the Digestive System.
page 483 |
Oral Cavity
Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Anus |
|
|
Name the 4 components of digestion.
page 483 |
Ingestion
Digestion Absorption Elimination |
|
|
What functions does the oral cavity play in digestion?
page 483 |
Mechanical: Chewing
Chemical: Salivary glands begin food breakdown |
|
|
What component of the digestive system connects the Pharynx to the Stomach?
page 483 |
Esophagus
|
|
|
The esophagus begins proximally as ______________ muscle and becomes ______________ muscle at its distal end.
page 483 |
Skeletal
Smooth |
|
|
What type of tissue lines the esophagus?
page 483 |
Stratified squamous epithelium
|
|
|
Where does most of food breakdown occur?
page 483 |
Stomach
|
|
|
What two types of digestion occur in the stomach?
page 483 |
Mechanical: Contractions of stomach wall churn food.
Chemical: Hydrocholoric acid breaks food down. |
|
|
What organ controls output volume into the small intestines?
page 483 |
Stomach
|
|
|
What is the average length of the small intestine?
page 483 |
21 feet
|
|
|
In which organ does most food & water absorption occur?
page 483 |
Small intestine
|
|
|
What is the common term for "colon" ?
page 483 |
Large Intestine
|
|
|
What are 2 functions of the large intestine?
page 483 |
1) Absorbs remaining water
2) Packages feces for elimination |
|
|
How many sphincters exist within the Anus?
page 283 |
2: One skeletal and one smooth muscle.
|
|
|
What kind of muscle is the tongue?
page 484 |
Hydrostatic
|
|
|
Why is the tongue considered a hydrostatic muscle?
page 484 |
It has no skeletal attachments
|
|
|
What organ is skeletal muscle wrapped in epithelial tissue?
page 484 |
Tongue
|
|
|
What are the functions of the Tongue?
page 484 |
Ability to pronunciate
Assist in mechanical breakdown of food Provide surface for sensory taste input. |
|
|
The dorsal surface of the tongue is covered with numerous surface projections called, what?
page 484 |
Papillae
|
|
|
Name the 3 types of Papillae.
page 484 |
Filiform
Fungiform Vallate |
|
|
What is the purpose of Filiform Papillae?
page 484 |
Texture and friction.
|
|
|
What is the function of Fungiform Papillae?
page 484 |
Location of most taste buds.
|
|
|
Where are Fungiform Papillae generally located?
page 484 |
Sides and Apex of tongue.
|
|
|
What is the function of Vallate Papillae?
page 484 |
Individual taste buds
|
|
|
Where are the Vallate Papillae generally located?
page 484 |
Base of tongue
|
|
|
How many different taste chemoreceptors are there on any one tongue?
page 484 |
10,000
|
|
|
Identify the 5 different taste modalities, and what each one generally is sensing.
page 484 |
Sweet: Carbs & Fats
Salty: Minerals & Electrolytes Sour: Acidic (Vitamin C) Bitter: Poison Umami: Savory tastes |
|
|
Identify the 3 Salivary glands of the oral cavity.
page 485 |
Parotid
Submandibular Sublingual |
|
|
Which salivary glands are lateral to the mandible and anterior to the ear?
page 485 |
Parotid
|
|
|
Which salivary glands are deep to the mandible?
page 485 |
Submandibular
|
|
|
Which salivary glands are inferior to the tongue?
page 485 |
Sublingual
|
|
|
Identify the 3 Tonsils.
page 485 |
Lingual
Palatine Pharyngeal |
|
|
Where are the lingual tonsils located?
page 485 |
On the tongue
|
|
|
Where are the palatine tonsils located?
page 485 |
Back of throat.
Visible through oral cavity. |
|
|
Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?
page 485 |
Back of throat
Inferior to palatine tonsils. |
|
|
What is the common name for the large lymph nodes of the tongue and Pharynx?
page 485 |
Tonsils
|
|
|
Name the 4 general layers of gut tube design.
page 486 |
Tunica Mucosa
Tela Submucosa Tunica Muscularis Tunica Serosa |
|
|
After the esophagus, what type of tissue lines the Tunica Mucosa?
page 486 |
Simple columnar epithelium
|
|
|
What type of tissue comprises the Tela Submucosa of the gut tube?
page 486 |
Connective tissue
|
|
|
What are the 2 layers of the Tunica Muscularis?
page 486 |
Circular layer
Longitudinal layer |
|
|
What type of muscle comprises the circular layer of the tunica muscularis?
page 486 |
Smooth
|
|
|
What is the function of the circular layer of the tunica muscularis?
page 486 |
Peristalsis
|
|
|
What is the functional purpose of a sphincter?
page 486 |
Control the direction and flow of food.
|
|
|
What is the term that describes an involuntary muscular action that propels food through the gut tube?
page 486 |
Peristalsis
|
|
|
What kind of tissue comprises the tunica serosa?
page 486 |
Simple squamous epithelium
|
|
|
What is the function of the tunica serosa?
page 486 |
Keeps the gut tube from sticking to neighboring tissues/organs.
|
|
|
Generally, how long is the esophagus?
|
11 inches
|
|
|
What structure does the esophagus pass through?
page 486 |
Diaphragm
|
|
|
In what 3 ways does the esophagus differ from the basic gut tube design?
page 486 |
1) Esophagus changes from skeletal muscle to smooth muscle from proximal to the distal end.
2) Esophagus tunica mucosa is stratified squamous epithelium. 3) Esophagus does not absorb food. |
|
|
Name the 3 sections of the stomach.
page 487 |
Fundus
Body Pylorus |
|
|
What type of tissue lines the inside of the stomach?
page 487 |
Simple columnar epithelium
|
|
|
What is the term for the folds that occur within the stomach?
page 487 |
Gastric rugae
|
|
|
What is the functional significance of gastric rugae?
page 487 |
Allows stomach to expand
|
|
|
What sphincter separates the esophagus from the fundus?
page 487 |
Cardiac sphincter
|
|
|
What sphincter separates the pylorus from the duodenum?
page 487 |
Pyloric sphincter
|
|
|
What is the term for liquified food?
page 487 |
Chyme
|
|
|
What are the 2 main functions of the stomach?
page 487 |
Liquify food (make chyme)
Kill bacteria |
|
|
What 2 things are absorbable by the stomach?
page 487 |
Aspirin
Alcohol |
|
|
Name the 3 sections of the small intestine.
page 488 |
Duodenum
Jejunum Illeum |
|
|
In which section of the small intestine are pancreatic enzymes introduced?
page 488 |
Duodenum
|
|
|
What is the largest section of the small intestine called?
page 488 |
Jejunum
|
|
|
What section of the small intestine sits in the "pelvic bowl" ?
page 488 |
Illeum
|
|
|
In what section does the majority of water absorption occur?
page 488 |
Jejunum
|
|
|
Which organ sits posterior to the stomach?
page 489 |
Pancreas
|
|
|
What exocrine structure drains into the duodenum?
page 489 |
Pancreatic duct
|
|
|
What is the function of enzymes release by the pancreas?
page 489 |
Breakdown food
|
|
|
What is the function of alkaline released by the pancreas?
page 489 |
Neutralize acid
|
|
|
What is the main function of the liver, in regards to the digestive system?
page 490 |
Produce & secrete bile
|
|
|
What is the function of bile?
page 490 |
Emulsify (breakdown) fat
|
|
|
What is the function of the gall bladder?
page 490 |
Store bile
|
|
|
How is bile transported to the gall bladder and duodenum?
page 490 |
Bile ducts
|
|
|
What are the ruffles lining the inside of the small intestine called?
page 491 |
Circular folds
|
|
|
What is the functional significance of the circular folds in the small intestine?
page 491 |
Increase surface area for better chances of food absorption
|
|
|
What are the finger-like projections covering the entire surface of the small intestine?
page 492 |
Villi
|
|
|
Into what structure are nutrients and water absorbed in the small intestine?
page 492 |
Villi
|
|
|
What is the function of the lymphatic capillaries in relation to the villi?
page 492 |
Absorbs fat soluble materials and vitamin B's.
|
|
|
What vessel structures bring blood to the villi?
page 492 |
Arterioles
|
|
|
What vessel structures pass through the simple columnar epithelium of the villi to absorb nutrients?
page 492 |
Capillaries
|
|
|
What vessel structures carry nutrient rich blood away from the villi?
page 492 |
Venules
|
|
|
What vessel structure absrobs fat soluable materials & vitamin B within the villi?
page 492 |
Lymphatic (lacteal) capillary
|
|
|
Name the 3 sections of the Large Intestine. (not the Ascending/Transverse/Descending).
page 493 |
Caecum
Colon Rectum |
|
|
What is the junction of the small & large intestine?
page 493 |
Caecum
|
|
|
What section of the large intestine houses the veriform appendix?
page 493 |
Caecum
|
|
|
What is the name for the storage pouch for "friendly flora" (healthy bacteria) ?
page 493 |
Veriform appendix
|
|
|
Name the 4 divisions of the Colon.
page 493 |
Ascending
Transverse Descending Sigmoid |
|
|
What are the functions of the rectum?
page 493 |
1) Dies out feces prior to elimination
2) Packages feces |
