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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diffusion definition |
Movement of particles from a high concentration to low concentration |
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Factors affecting diffusion |
- Distance —> great the distance the more time take - membrane surface area —> larger the surface area the faster the rate of diffusion - Concentration gradient —> the greater the difference in concentration (concentration gradient) the faster the rate of diffusion - Temperature —> higher the temp faster the rate of diffusion |
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Surface Area to Volume ratio |
The higher the SF to V ratio the higher the rate of diffusion |
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Passive transports (diffusion, osmosis) |
- particles move down the conc gradient and no energy is required |
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Active transport |
- movement of particles against the conc gradient so it does require energy |
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Osmosis definition |
Diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane from dilute solution (high water potential) to a concentrate solution (low water potential) |
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Partially permeable membrane definition |
Allowed water though but won’t let larger molecules dissolved im water through |
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Water movement |
Water will move to make the concentration the same on both sides of the membrane |
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Net movement of water |
Water molecules move through membrane in both directions but overall moment will be from high to low water potential |
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Hypertonic |
When the net flow of water is out of the cell because solute concentration is higher outside than the inside (flaccid) |
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Hypotonic |
When the net flow of water is into the cell because solute concentration is lower outside than the inside (turgid)
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Isotonic |
Same water and ion concentration so water doesn’t move into or out of the cells |
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Osmosis and Plant cells |
Raw potato discs change mass after being left in solutions avec different water potentials because the moment of water into or out of the cell |
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Flaccid |
When water moves out of cell, volume decreases so cell becomes flaccid |
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Plasmolysis |
When plant loses large amount of water by osmosis and causes cell damage |
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Turgid |
When water moves into the cell and volume increases, cell becomes turgid Maintain turgor pressure by water being drawn up through the plant from roots |
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Animal and plant cells during osmosis |
Plant cells are less likely to burst as they have a cell membrane |
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Importance of Active Transport |
- sugar absorption dans humans which is needed for respiration - mineral absorption dans plants because minerals are lower in soil than in the root hairs |
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Carrier proteins |
- sit within the cell membrane - act as channels which specific molecules move through - changes shape using energy from respiration |
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Transport in cells |
- active transport (against conc gradient using energy) - osmosis (only water molecules and required a partially permeable membrane) - diffusion (net movement of particles from high conc to low conc) |
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Passive transport |
Doesn’t require energy |
