2Nd Trimester: A&p 2 Chapter 15--Cardiovascular System

Front 1

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

Back 1

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Front 2

Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

Back 2

Tricuspid valve

Front 3

Chamber that pumps blood to the lungs

Back 3

Right Ventricle

Front 4

Chamber that pumps blood into the aorta

Back 4

Left Ventricle

Front 5

Chamber that receives oxygenated blood from lungs

Back 5

left atrium

Front 6

Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from body

Back 6

Right Atrium

Front 7

Valve between the left ventricle and aorta

Back 7

Aortic valve

Front 8

Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Back 8

pulmonary valve

Front 9

Wall between lower heart chambers

Back 9

interventricular septum

Front 10

Sac-like structure located on anterior surface of atrium

Back 10

auricle

Front 11

wall between upper heart chambers

Back 11

interatrial septum

Front 12

The outer layer of the heart, called the epicardium, is also the _______

Back 12

inner visceral layer of the pericardium

Front 13

The right atrium receives blood directly from 3 vessels. They are the _______

Back 13

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus

Front 14

The cardiac impulse spreads into the mass of the ventricular muscle tissue from the

Back 14

Purkinje fibers

Front 15

Tension in the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles during ventricular systole prevent

Back 15

eversion of the AV valves

Front 16

Which of the following lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and covers the heart valves and the tendons attached to the valves?

Back 16

endocardium

Front 17

The normal "pacemaker" fo the heart is the ____________

Back 17

sinoatrial (AS) node

Front 18

Which of the following represents the correct pathway of blood moving from the superior vena cava to the lungs?

Back 18

Right atrium --> tricuspid valve --> right ventricle --> pulmonary semilunar valve

Front 19

The first heart sound is associated with __________

Back 19

both atrioventricular valves closing during ventricular systole

Front 20

The cardiac cycle is regulated by the

Back 20

medulla oblongata

Front 21

The T wave on an EKG is due to

Back 21

ventricular repolarization

Front 22

When the ventricles relax ______

Back 22

the semilunar valves close

Front 23

The blood supply to the myocardium is the

Back 23

coronary circulation

Front 24

What is the sequence representing the pathway of an action potential through the heart's conduction system?

Back 24

1. sinoatrial (SA) node
2. atrioventricular (AV) node
3. atrioventricular (AV) bundle
4. right and left bundle branches
5. Purkinje fibers

Front 25

The Frank-Starling law of the heart

Back 25

is important in maintaining equal blood output from both ventricles

Front 26

Within the heart, there is a delay in impulse transmission at the ________ in order to allow time for __________

Back 26

AV node; ventricular filling

Front 27

Cardiac output

Back 27

equals stroke volume (SV) X heart rate (HR)

Front 28

Sympathetic stimulation of the sinoatrial (SA) note. Does the heart rate speed up or slow down?

Back 28

Speed up

Front 29

Decrease in blood pressure. Does the heart rate speed up or slow down?

Back 29

Speed up.

Front 30

Fever. Does the heart rate speed up or slow down?

Back 30

Speed up.

Front 31

Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart's conduction system. Does the heart rate speed up or slow down?

Back 31

Slow down.

Front 32

Release of epinephrine. Does the heart rate speed up or slow down?

Back 32

Speed up.

Front 33

Elevated K+ level. Does the heart rate speed up or slow down?

Back 33

Slow down.

Front 34

Release of acetylcholine. Does the heart rate speed up or slow down?

Back 34

Slow down.

Front 35

Strenuous exercise. Does the heart rate speed up or slow down?

Back 35

Speed up.

Front 36

Stimulation by the vagus (X) nerve. Does the heart rate speed up or slow down?

Back 36

Slow down.

Front 37

Stress, excitement. Does the heart rate speed up or slow down?

Back 37

Speed up.

Front 38

Cooling the body. Does the heart rate speed up or slow down?

Back 38

Slow down.

Front 39

Excessive thryoid hormones. Does the heart rate speed up or slow down?

Back 39

Slow down.

Front 40

May cause a heart murmur.

Back 40

Valve disorder

Front 41

Heart compression

Back 41

cardiac tamponade

Front 42

Inflammation of heart covering

Back 42

Pericarditis

Front 43

Heart chamber contraction

Back 43

Systole

Front 44

Chest pain from ischemia

Back 44

angina pectoris

Front 45

heart attack

Back 45

myocardial infarction

Front 46

heart chamber relaxation

Back 46

diastole

Front 47

Heart is composed of 3 layers.

Back 47

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

Front 48

Right atrium

Back 48

receives DEoxygenated blood returning from the body tissues.

Front 49

Right ventricle

Back 49

receives the blood from the right atrium and pumps to lungs through right and left pulmonary arteries.

Front 50

Left atrium

Back 50

receives OXYGENATED blood from lungs in pulmonary veins.

Front 51

Left ventricle:

Back 51

Receives the blood from the left atrium and pumps to all parts of the body through aorta and all arteries.

Front 52

4 heart valves

Back 52

Right atrioventricular (AV): Tricuspid valve
Left atrioventricular (AV) valve: Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Pulmonary valve: A semilunar valve
Aortic valve: a semilunar valve

Front 53

First sound of the heart beat

Back 53

S1: Lubb, is a long, booming sound from the AV valves closing after ventricular systole begins.

Front 54

Second sound of the heart beat

Back 54

S2: Dupp, is a short, sharp sound from the semilunar valves closing at the end of ventricular systole.

Front 55

What is the pacemaker of the heart, located in the upper wall of the right atrium?

Back 55

Sinoatrial node (SA)

Front 56

What is CAD?

Back 56

Coronary Artery Disease: CAD affects about 7 million people and causes nearly half a million deaths in the U.S. each year. It is mainly caused by coronary atherosclerosis in coronary arteries, leading to reduction in blood flow to the myocardium.

Front 57

Risk factors for CAD?

Back 57

High lipid level, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cigarette smoking, and genetics.

Front 58

Main cause of valvular heart disease?

Back 58

Most cases are rheumatic heart disease. Pt had history of acute rheumatic fever, or tonsillitis infected by streptococci. The toxin produced by those bacteria causes an immune reaction, which causes the stenosis or regurgitation in any valves, but most commonly the mitral valve.

Front 59

The normal range of the heart rate?

Back 59

60-100 beats per minute.

Avg. cardiac output for a normal adult at rest is 5L blood/minute.

Front 60

Heart Failure: Left Hemisphere Failure =
2 key words

Back 60

Results from ACUTE cardiac infarction, hypertension, etc., which presents the symptoms of lung congestion and acute pulmonary edema. PULMONARY.

Front 61

Heart Failure: Right Hemisphere Failure =
2 key words

Back 61

often results from CHRONIC pulmonary heart disease (cor pulmonale) etc., the clinical manifestation are caused by systemic congestion and peripheral edema. SYSTEMIC.