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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nursing Research?
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-“Is a systematic examination of phenomena important to the nursing discipline, as well as to nurses, their clients, and families” (Potter et al., 2009, pg 80)
-Extends beyond nurses because it helps us to deal with clients and families “Is diligent, systematic inquiry or investigation to validate and refine existing knowledge and generate new knowledge” (Burns & Grove, 2005, pg 2) -Research is how we get new knowledge in nursing -Florence nightengale one of the first researchers to research nursing practice |
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Purpose of Nursing Research
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-Links theory, education, and practice (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 1998)
-Some research tests nursing theories and other research generates theory from findings -Provides for Evidence-Informed Practice --Practice based on based clinical practice, expertise, knowledge, etc. |
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Role of the Nurse in Research
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-Understand each step of the research process
-Utilize the findings of research in clinical practice -Identify nursing problems that require investigation -Participate in research projects -Either as a lead or a participant -Promote ethical principles of research -Ensure pt's are safe and treatment is manageable Eg: taking a pt off of pain killers to find alternate solutions, but knowing when to step back -Share research findings with colleagues -Conferences, papers, etc. |
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Health Quality Coucil of Sask
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-An independent agency that measures and reports on qulait of care in sask, promotes improvement, and engages its partners in building a better health system
Priorities -Chronic illness prevention and management -Care that is pt centered, appropriate and timely -Safer patient care |
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Application of Research Findings
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Why read research articles?
-Find solutions to clinical problems -Find strategies to improve outcomes --After 2 years, nurses tend to become reisistant to change -Learn client perspectives --What does pt feel about healthcare -Acquire new ideas about upcoming technologies -Find cost-effective practices -Satisfy professional and personal interests -“To have up-to-date, scientifically sound information in order to provide the best client care” (Davies & Logan, 2008, p. 1) |
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2 Types of Research
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1) Quantitative Research
-Deductive reasoning -Precisely measured and quantified -Tests theory using numerical data, statistical analysis and controls -Usually occurs in an area where there has been previous research done -Deductive reasoning --Ex) Pain measurement and management 2)Qualitative Research -Inductive reasoning -Creates or generates theory -Inductive reasoning -Tries to make sense of everyday life as it unfolds, without manipulating it -Often an area where there has been little previous research --Ex) Experiences in pregnancy |
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Types of Quantitative Research?
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Experimental (Randomized Control Trial)
-3 Essential Characteristics i) Randomization (no biases) ii)Controlled group (are not altered in anyways, used to compare against the experimental group) ---Double blind means groups and researchers don't know iii) Manipulation Change in the variables Quasi-experimental -Almost experimental -Lacks 1 or more of the essential characteristics of experiment Descriptive Survey – looks at relationship between 2 or more variables -Longitudinal (Different time points are used) -Cross-sectional (Happens at 1 period in time) Exploratory Descriptive -Pop'n not previously studied, so just giving a description/studies about what we find -Can't compare because no other information available yet. |
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Types of Qualitative Research?
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Ethnography
-Obervation and desc of behavior in social settings -Understand culture of study pop'n -Eg: observe culture of caring between nurse and dimensia pt Phenomenology -Focuses on the lived experences of a phenomena from the perspective of the individual -Eg: talking to th spouse of someone who is terminally ill -Seeing effect on the spouse Grounded Theory -Generates hypothesis and theories on general processes -Try not to view literature before study so as not too influence your own findings |
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Methodological Pluralism
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-Using both qualitative and quantitative research methods to study the same research problem
-Accepts that both methods have strengths and weaknesses -Compliment each other -Recognizes that valuing one standard methodology as exclusive or superior restricts the ability to progress |
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What do you have to consider when choosing your sample?
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1-Characteristics of group being studied
-Age, sex, ethnicity 2-Conditions for choosing Volunteers -Egs: Normal healthy pop'n, random samples, convenience sample, snowball sampling -Who's included, who is excluded 3-Aspects of the selection of participants that may have influenced study outcomes -Eg: looking for participants at university = younger, smarter ppl -Geographical differnces, social differences, etc. 4-Sample size -Make sure it is big enough to be representative of pop'n -Eliminate chance events -In qualitative research, sample size reaches saturation means sample is large enough -Keep on investigating until information repeats itself over and over |
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What are some sources of bias? 4
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Selection Bias
-Not randomly selected -Criteria set (ie: age, sex) groupings Participation Bias -Can only work with the ones that want to be in the study -Choosing to be in the study may show biases in participants because they may actually care about the subject Measurement Bias -Trying to get the measurements that you want -Diff ppl doing diff measurements Performance Bias -You see what you want to see or ppl do what they think you want to see |
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3 different variables?
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Dependent (Outcome Variable)
-The response, behavior, or outcome that the researcher wants to predict or explain -Depends on what is happening Independent (Experimental Variable) -Stimulus or activity that is manipulated or varied by the researcher to create an effect on the dependent variable -What is happening Extraneous Variables -Other factors that may influence the results of the study (age, gender, presence of the researcher, etc.) |
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Instrument, Validity, and Reliability?
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Instrument
-The device a researcher uses to collect data Reliability -The extent to which the instrument yields the same results on repeated measurements Validity -If a measurement instrument accurately measures what it is supposed to measure -Comparing the tool to the result -Did you choose the right tool to get the result? (Eg: measuring stress levels with a thermometer?) |
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Ethics in Nursing Research
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Research Ethics Board
-Respect for human dignity -Respect for free and informed consent -Respect for vulnerable persons -Respect for privacy and confidentiality -Respect for justice and inclusiveness -Balancing harms and benefits --Minimizing harm --Maximizing benefit ---Benefit is for society/pop'n, not just the individual Informed Consent -Must be in lay language -Purpose of study, role of subject, type of data, how data obtained, length, etc. |
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Dissemination of Results
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Communicating research results
1-Research Articles 2-Poster presentations 3-Paper presentations |
