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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
accountability
being able to accept responsibility or to account for one’s actions and refers being answerable to someone for something one has done.
advance directives
- the means used to document and communicate a persons’ preferences regarding life-sustaining treatment in the event that they become incapable of expressing those wished for themselves.
adverse events
- unexpected, undesirable incidents resulting in injury or death that are directly associated with the process of providing health care or services to a person receiving care
advocacy
- acting on behalf of another person
- speaking for persons who cannot speak for themselves
- intervening to ensure that views are heard
answerability
- being able to offer reasons and explanations to other people for aspects of nursing practice
autonomy
- refers to your ability to make choices for yourself that should be based on full understanding, free of controlling influences
- respect for another person’s autonomy is fundamental to the practice of health care
beneficence
- means doing or promoting good for others
- involves taking positive actions to help others
bioethics
- the general term for principled reasoning across healthcare profession
biomedical ethics
- denotes ethical reasoning for physicians
care theory
- about a type of virtue ethic that gives moral weight to caring for others
- important development in thinking about ethics because it moved attention from the traditional masculine virtues towards those that had traditionally been considered more feminine
code of ethics
- outlines nurses’ professional values and ethical commitments to their clients and the communities they serve
consequentialism
- main emphasis is on the outcome or consequence of action
constrained moral agency
- if you feel powerless to act for what you think is right
- if you believe your actions will not effect change
cultural values
- those adopted as a result of a social setting
deontology
- the system of ethics that is perhaps most familiar to practitioners in health care
- foundations are often associated with Immanuel Kant
- actions are defined as right or wrong on the basis of their right-making characteristics such as fidelity to promises, truthfulness, and justice.
embodiment
- means recognizing that the mind-body split is artificial and that healing for both client and family cannot occur unless “scientific knowledge and human compassion are given equal weight and it is recognized that emotion and feeling are as important to human life as physical signs and symptoms”
engagement
- means connecting with another person in an open, trusting, and responsive manner
environment
- concerns critical elements or characteristics of the health care system within which you work and how the nature of your relationships is affected by this system
ethical dilemma
- a conflict between two sets of human values, both of which are judged to be “good” but neither which can be fully served
- can cause distress and confusion for caregivers and clients
ethics
- the study of the philosophical ideals of right and wrong behaviour
- also commonly refers to the values and standards to which individuals and professions strive to uphold
feminist ethics
- look to the nature of relationships between people for guidance in working out ethical dilemmas
- the underlying values, according to a group of noted feminist nursing scholars, are social justice, relationships, and community
- would propose that questions about the effects of the intervention on the mother are at least as important as questions about the effects on the fetus (ex.)
informed consent
- consent to treatment on the basis of accurate and complete information
- the goal is to protect the client’s right to autonomy
justice
- refers to fairness
- often used during discussions about resources
medical futility
- a medical treatment that is considered nonbeneficial because it is believed to offer no reasonable hope of recovery from or improvement in the client’s condition
moral distress
- arises when there is inconsistency between one’s beliefs and one’s actions
- ex. Causing harm to clients in the form of pain and suffering from continuing treatment is a source of moral distress
moral integrity
- “wholeness”
- nurses may lose their sense of moral integrity when they are committed to certain values and beliefs that are not upheld because of situational restraints
moral residue
- a long-lasting discomfort that arises whenever they (nurses) face moral distress
- occurs from continued compromised integrity
morality
- interchangeable with ethics and morality
- derived from an original meaning of “custom or habit”
- generic term for various ways of understanding and examining the moral life
mutuality
- loosely defined as a relationshp that benefits both you and the client and harms neither, requires your and the client’s willingness to participate in a relationship that embraces the values and ideas of one another as a means of developing new understandings, rather than judging the other person’s values and ideas
nonmaleficence
- the avoidance of harm or hurt
relational ethics
- ethical understandings are formed in, and emerge from, a person’s relationships with others, whether those others are clients, families, communities, or colleagues
responsibility
- implies an ability to distinguish between right and wrong
- includes duty to perform actions adequately and thoughtfully (in nursing)
social justice
- often related to a concern for the equitable distribution of benefits and burdens in society
teleology
- the study of ends or final causes
utilitarianism
- the value of something is determined by its usefulness
- also known as consequentialism
value
- at the heart of ethics
- influence behaviour on the basis of the conviction that a certain action is correct in a certain situation
values clarification
- the process for appraising personal values
- not a set a rules; process of personal reflection
whistleblowing
- reporting a colleagues errors, incompetence, unsafe or negligent practice, or abuse of clients
- one of the most difficult actions you must take in ensuring that safe, compassionate care, competent, and ethical care is met.
the seven values that must be upheld in nursing as stated by the Canadian Nurses Association Code of Ethics
- Providing safe, compassionate, competent, and ethical care
- promoting health and well-being
- promoting and respecting informed decision making
- preserving dignity
- maintaining privacy and confidentiality
- promoting justice
- being accountable
Seven steps of processing an ethical dilemma
- determine whether the issue is an ethical one
- gather all the information relevant to the case
- examine and determine your own values on the issues
- verbalize the problem
- consider possible courses of action
- reflect on the outcome
- evaluate the action and the outcome