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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does nursing theory aim to do?
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make sense of knowledge about nursing to enable nurses to use it in a professional and accountable manner
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What is a theory?
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purposeful set of assumptions or propositions that identify the relationships between concepts
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Whose work is considered an early theoretical and conceptual model for nursing?
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Florence Nightingale
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What drove major developments in nursing theory in the late 1960s?
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- heatlh care system expansion and change, influenced by scientific discoveries and technological applications
- disease intervention became more sophisticated and scientifically driven - focus of society shifted from simply attending to sick and injured toward curing and eradicating disease - nurses realized the urgency of articulating exactly how their role differed from other health care professionals |
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Who led the drive for early theorizing about the practice of nursing?
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nursing educators
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What 3 large theoretical and philosophical questions defined the generation of nursing theory?
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1. What are the focus and scope of nursing?
2. How is nursing unique and different from other health care professions? 3. What should be the appropriate disciplinary knowledge for professional nursing practice? |
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What is clinical judgment?
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- refers to reasoning processes that rely on critical thinking and multiple ways of knowing
- implies the systematic use of the nursing process to invoke the complex intuitive and conscious thinking strategies that are part of all clinical decision making in nursing |
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Define "concept" and give an example.
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- a mental formulation of objects or events, representing the basic way in which ideas are organized and communicated
ex. anxiety |
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Define "conceptualization" and give an example.
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- the process of formulating concepts
ex. framing behavioural patterns as anxiety related |
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Define "operational definition" and give an example.
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- a description of concepts, articulated in such a way that they can be applied to decision making in practice; links concepts with other concepts and with theories and often includes the essential properties and distinguishing features of a concept
ex. differentiation and measurement of state and trait anxiety |
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Define "theory" and give an example.
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- a purposeful set of assumptions or propositions about concepts; shows relationships between concept and thereby provides a systematic view of phenomena so that they may be explained predicted or prescribed
ex. social determinants of health |
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Define "assumption" and give an example.
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- a description of concepts or connection of two concepts that are accepted as factual or true; includes "taken for granted" ideas about the nature and purpose of concepts, as well as the structure of theory
ex. "nursing exists to serve a social mandate" |
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Define "proposition" and give an example.
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- a declarative assertion
ex. "clients who receive appropriate nursing care have better health outcomes" |
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Define "phenomenon" and give an example.
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- an aspect of reality that can be consciously sensed or experienced; nursing concepts and theories represent the theoretical approach to making sense of aspects of reality of concern to nursing
ex. pain |
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Define "theoretical model" and give an example.
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- mental representation of how things work
ex. biopsychosocial model of health |
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Define "conceptual framework" and give an example.
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- the theoretical structure that links concepts together for a specific purpose; link major nursing concepts and phenomena to direct nursing decisions
ex. Orem's self-care model for nursing |
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What are the 4 types of theory?
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1. Grand Theory
2. Middle-Range Theory 3. Descriptive Theory 4. Prescriptive Theory |
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Define grand theory.
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- global, conceptual framework that provides insight into abstract phenomena, such as human behavior or nursing science
- broad in scope and require further application through research - provide structural framework for broad, abstract ideas about nursing - sometimes called paradigms |
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Define middle-range theory.
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- enompasses a more limited scope
- less abstract - address specific phenomena or concepts and reflect practice |
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Define descriptive theory.
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- describes phenomena, speculates on why phenomena occur, and describes the consequences of phenomena
- explain, relate, and sometimes predict phenomena of concern to nursing - help explain client assessments and possibly guide future nursing research |
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Define prescriptive theory.
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- addresses nursing interventions and helps predict the consequences of a specific intervention
- designates the prescription (ie. nursing intervention), the conditions under which it should occur, and the consequences - action oriented, testing the validity and predictability of a nursing intervention - guide research to develop and test specific nursing interventions |
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What 4 concepts are included in the collective body of nursing knowledge known as "metaparadigm concepts"?
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1. Client and Person
2. Envrionment 3. Health Care 4. Nursing Care |
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What are Carper's 4 ways of knowing?
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1. Empirical Knowledge
2. Ethical Knowledge 3. Personal Knowledge 4. Esthetic Knowledge |
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What other 2 patterns of knowledge were added on to Carper's ways of knowing by later theorists?
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- sociopolitical knowledge
- critical thinking |
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What are 5 major theoretical models of nursing?
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1. Practice--Based Theories
2. Needs Theories 3. Interactionist Theories 4. Systems Theories 5. Simultaneity Theories |
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Give 2 examples of practice-based theories.
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- Florence Nightingale's Notes on Nursing
- Dr. Moyra Allen's McGill Model |
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Give 2 examples of needs theories.
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- Virginia Henderson's 14 basic human needs
- Dorothea Orem's Self-care Theory |
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Give 3 examples of interactionist theorists.
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- Hildegard Peplau
- Joyce Travelbee - Evelyn Adam |
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Give 4 examples of systems theorists.
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- Dorothy Johnson
- The University of British Columbia Model - Betty Neuman - Sister Callista Roy |
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Give 3 examples of simultaneity theorists.
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- Martha Rogers
- Rosemarie Parse's Theory of Man-Living-Health/Human Becoming - Jean Watson |
