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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fractional Distillation: |
Process of separating crude oil by heating it, and collecting the fractions that boil over different ranges of temperatures |
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Fraction: |
a mixture of hydrocarbons collected over a particular range of boiling points during the fractional distillation of crude oil |
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The process of fractional distillation is done in a... |
Fractionating tower |
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The steps of fractional distillation: Step 1: |
crude oil is heated in a furnace |
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The steps of fractional distillation: Step 2: |
A mixture of liquid and vapor passes into a fractionating tower that is cooler at the top than the bottom |
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The steps of fractional distillation: Step 3: |
Vapors pass up the tower until they condense to a liquid, when cooled to a temperature lower than their boiling point |
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The steps of fractional distillation: Step 4: |
Fractions are piped off |
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Fractionating tower and temperature: |
Cooler at the TOP than the bottom Temperature DECREASES going up the tower |
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Shorter hydrocarbon chains condense nearer... |
the TOP of the fractionating tower where it's cooler as they have LOWER BPts |
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Vapors condense when... |
they are cooled to a temperature LOWER than their boiling points |
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Bitumen |
thick residue that collects at the base of the tower (a.k.a tar) |
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Going ^UP^ the fractionating tower: |
-Temperature decreases -Viscosity (thickness) decreases |
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Viscosity decreases because: |
Hydrocarbon chain-lengths decrease so fewer vdW forces so hydrocarbons get further apart |
