111 Marine Corp Operations Fundamentals

Front 1

What is the primary function of the AH-1W Cobra?

What is the crew?

Back 1

-Primary function: Attack helicopter
-Crew: 2 officers

Front 2

What is the armament of the AH-1W Cobra?

Back 2

-20mm turreted cannon with 750 rounds
-four external wing stations that can fire 2.75" or 5.0" rockets, Precision guided missiles including TOW/Hellfire (point target/anti-armor), Sidewinder (anit-air), and Side Arm (anit-radar)

Front 3

What are the missions of the AH-1W Cobra?
PAPA SF

Back 3

-Point and limited area air defense from enemy FIXED wing air crafts.
-Armed escort
-Point target/anti-armor
-Anti-helicopter

-SUPPORTING ARMS control and coordination.
-FIRE SUPPORT and security for forward and rear area forces

Front 4

What is the primary function of the CH 46E Sea Knight?

What is the crew?

Back 4

-Primary function: Medium lift assault support helicopter

-Crew: 4-pilot, co-pilot, crew chief, 1st mechanical/aerial gunner

Front 5

How much internal/external load can a CH-46 E Sea Knight hold?

Back 5

-Cargo: 2,000-4,000 pounds internal or external load

Front 6

How many passengers does the CH 46E Sea Knight hold (payload)?

During medical evacuation, how many patients does the CH-46E hold?

Back 6

-9-16 passenger/combat troops.

-Medical evacuation: 15 litters and 2 attendants

Front 7

Related to the mission of the CH 46E Sea Knight, what are some additional tasks?

EMSSS

Back 7

-Evacuation operations
-Medical evacuation.
-Special operations
-Search and rescue
-Support for mobile forward refueling and rearming points,

Front 8

What is the mission of the CH 46E Sea Knight?

What is the primary function? What is the secondary function?

Back 8

--To provide all weather, day/night, night vision goggle (NVG) assault TRANSPORT OF COMBAT TROOPS, SUPPLIES, and EQUIPMENT during sea and shore operations.

-TROOPS is the PRIMARY FUNCTION and movement of supplies and equipment is SECCONDARY

Front 9

When was the CH 46E Sea Knight first procured?
Why?
During what war?
How many of these aircrafts were bought?

Back 9

-1964
-To meet medium lift requirements of the Marine Corps
-Vietnam
-600 aircrafts.

Front 10

What is the primary function of the CH 53D Sea Stallion?
What is the Crew?

Back 10

-Transportation of equipment and supplies during the ship to shore movement of an amphibious assault and during operations ashore.

Crew of 4; pilot, co-pilot, crew chief, 1st mechanic/aerial gunner

Front 11

What is the armament of the CH 53D Sea Stallion and CH-53 E Super Sea Stallion?

Back 11

-Two XM-218 .50 cal Machine guns

Front 12

The CH-53D Sea Stallion is capable of both ________ and _______ transportation of supplies.
________ compatible and capable of operations in adverse weather both _____ and ______.

Back 12

-Capable of both internal and external transportation of supplies.

-Shipboard
-day and night.

Front 13

The CH-53D Sea Stallion is capable of lifting how many tons?

Back 13

-7 tons

Front 14

What is the mission of the CH 53D Sea Stallion?

Back 14

-Medium lift helicopter
-Transportation of equipment, supplies, personnel during the assault phase of amphibious operations and operations ashore.

Front 15

What is the CH 53E Super Sea Stallion compatable with?
What are they routinely carried on?

Back 15

-Compatible with most amphibious class ships
-Routinely aboard LHA (Landing Helicopter Assault), and LHD (Landing Helicopter Dock) ships.

Front 16

What are some features and improvements of the CH 53D Sea Stallion?

Back 16

-Twin engine helicopter
-Capable of lifting 7 TONS.

-Improvements include;
-Elastometric rotor heads
-External range extension fuel tanks
-Crash worthy fuel cells
-ARC 210 radios, integrated GPS
-Defensive electronic countermeasure equipment

Front 17

The CH-53D Sea Stallion and CH 53E Super Sea Stallion are capable of holding how many passengers?

Back 17

-37 with normal configuation and 55 with centerline seats installed.

Front 18

How much is the CH 53E Super Sea Stallion capable of lifting? For what distance?
What is a typical payload?

Back 18

-16 tons at sea level, transporting the load 50 nautical miles and returning.
-Typical load is 16,000 lb M198 Howitzer or a 26,000 lb Light Armored Vehicle.

Front 19

What is the primary function of the CH 53E Super Sea Stallion?

What is the crew?

Back 19

-Transportation of heavy equipment and supplies during ship to shore movement of an amphib assault and shore operations.

Crew of 4; pilot, co-pilot, crew chief, 1st mechanical/aerial gunner

Front 20

What is the range capablitiy of the CH 53 E Super Sea Stallion?

Back 20

-Equipped with a refueling probe for in flight refueling giving the helicopter indefinite range.

Front 21

What is the mission of the CH 53E Super Sea Stallion?

Back 21

-Marine Corps Heavy lift helicopter designed for transportation of materials and supplies.

Front 22

What are some features and improvements of the CH 53E Super Sea Stallion?

Back 22

-3rd engine giving the aircraft the ability to lift a majority of the Fleet Marine Forces equipment.
-Improved main and tail rotor blades
-Dual Point System (Can carry external loads at increased air speeds)
-GPS
-Night vision and infared

Front 23

What is the payload of the CH 53E Super Sea Stallion and CH-53 D Sea Stallion?

Back 23

-37 passengers
-55 passengers with centerline seats installed

Front 24

What is the primary function and crew of the UH-1N Huey?

Back 24

Primary Function: Utility Helicopter
Crew: 2 officers, 2 enlisted

Front 25

What is the armament of the UH 1N Huey?

Back 25

-M 240 7.62mm machine gun
-GAU-16 .50 cal machine gun
-GAU-17 7.62mm machine gun
-GAU 2B/A can be CONTROLLED BY THE PILOT in the fixed forward firing mode.
-2, 7 shot or 19 shot 2.75" rocket pods

Front 26

What are the missions of the UH 1N Huey? CCMS-FS

Back 26

CCMS-FS
-Command and control
-Combat assault
-Medical evacuation
-Special operations

-Fire support and security for forward and rear area forces
-Supporting arms control and coordination

Front 27

What are some features of the UH 1N Huey

Back 27

-Twin piloted, twin engine helicopter used in command and control
SPECIALIZED COMMUNICATION PACKAGE (ASC-26), for command and control
-Medical evacuation for up to 6 litter patients and one medical attendant
-External cargo
-Search and rescue using rescue hoist
-Recon and recon support.
-Night time capablities with 2nd Generation navigation thermal infrared system

Front 28

What is the casualty payload for the UH 1N Huey during medical evacuations?

Back 28

-6 litter patients and one medical attendant

Front 29

What catagory of aircraft is the MV-22B Osprey? What aircrafts is it replacing?

Back 29

-Medium lift helicopters
-Replacing the CH 46E and CH 53D

Front 30

What is the primary function of the MV-22B Osprey?

What is the mission of the MV-22B Osprey?

Back 30

Primary Function: Amphibious assault transport of troops, equipment and supplies from assault ships and land bases

Mission: Marine Corps Assault Support

Front 31

What are some features/description of the MV-22B Osprey?

Back 31

-Multi-engine, Dual piloted, Self-deployable, Medium lift, vertical take off and landing (VTOL) Tilt rotor aircraft.

-Designed for Combat, Combat support, Combat service support, and Special operations missions.

Front 32

What are the variants of the MV-22B Osprey for other branches of the military?

Back 32

-CV-22 for Airforce and SOCOM for SPECIAL OPERATIONS missions. Same as Marine Corps.

-HV-22 for NAVY for Search and Rescue and fleet logistics support.

Front 33

What apects of the Military will the MV-22B Osprey be deployed to?

Back 33

-Currently in Low Rate Initial Production

-MV-22s will be deployed to;
-Marine Corps Medium Lift Active Duty and Reserve tactical squadrons
-Medium Lift TRAINING Squadron (FRS)
-EXECUTIVE SUPPORT Squadron (HMX)

Front 34

What is the planned inventory of the MV-22B Osprey?

Back 34

-350 MV 22's (USMC)
-50 CV-22 (USAF)
-48 HV-22's (USN)

Front 35

What is the primary function and crew of the EA-6B Prowler?

Back 35

-Airborne electronic warfare (EW) support to Fleet Marine Forces.
To include; electronic attack (EA)
-Electronic support (ES)
-Electronic protection (EP)
-High Speed Anit Radiatin Missiles (HARM)

Crew: 4

Front 36

What is the armament of the EA-6B Prowler?

Back 36

-ALQ-99 Tactical Jamming System (TJS)
-USQ-113 Communications JAMMER
-High Speed Anti Radiation Missiles (HARM)

Front 37

What sensors does the EA-6B Prowler use?

Back 37

-ALQ-99 On-board System (OBS)
-USQ-113 Communications RECEIVER

Front 38

What are the missions of the EA-6B Prowler?

Back 38

-ALQ 99 OBS (on board System-SENSOR) is used to collect Electronic order of battle (EOB) data which can be recorded and processed after missions to provide updates to various orders of battle.
-ALQ-99 TJS (Tactical Jamming System-ARMAMENT) is used to provide active radar jamming support to assault troops and attack aircraft, as well as ground units.
-Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (SEAD) capability is available with the employment of HARM (High Speed Anti Radiation Missiles ARMAMENT)
-The USQ-113 Communications Jammer (ARMAMENT) can detect and jam a wide range of communication frequencies to further degrade air defenses and ground unit's capability.

Front 39

What are some features of the EA-6B Prowler?

Back 39

-Marine Prowlers provide POST MISSION ANALYSIS for the Tactical Electronic Reconaissance Processing and Evaluiation System (TERPES).
-TERPES provides Electronic Order of Battle for MAGTF mission planning
-Provides post mission analysis of jamming and HARM employment for reporting, assessing and STORING MISSION DATA.

Front 40

What is the range of the Av-8B Harrier?
Where can the AV-8B Harriers operate from?

Back 40

-In-flight refueling with indefinite range

-Carriers, expeditionary air fields, and remote tactical landing sites

Front 41

What is the AV-8B Harrier designed to replace?
Who long has there been a demand for VTOL light attack aircrafts?

Back 41

AV-8A and the A-4M light attack aircrafts
-Since the late '50's

Front 42

What is the primary function and crew of the V-8B Harrier II?

Back 42

Primary Function: Attack and destroy surface targets under day and night visual conditions.

Crew: 1

Front 43

What is the armament of the V-8B Harrier II?

Back 43

-7 external store stations comprising 6 wing stations for;

-Sidwinders
-Assortment of air to ground weapons
-Mavericks
-External fuel tanks
-Centerline; 25 mm 6 barrel gun pod and ammunition pod can be mounted either side of the centerline with 300 round capacity with a lead computing optical sight system (LCOSS) gunsight.

Front 44

What are the missions of the V-8B Harrier II?

Back 44

-Attack and destroy surface and air targets.
-Escort helicopters
-Conduct other such operations as may be directed.

Specific tasks include:
-CLOSE air support
-DEEP air support to include armed reconaissance and air interdiction

OFFENSIVE and defensive anit-air warfare. This includes;
-Combat air patrolling
-Armed escort missions
-Offensive missions against enemy ground-to-air defense
-Operate and deliver ordinance at night and operate under instrument flight conditions

Front 45

What are some features of the V-8B Harrier II?

Back 45

-Mobility, flexibility, responsiveness, and reduced operating cost both afloat and ashore.

-Well suited to the special combat and expeditionary requirements of the Marine Corps.

-Features APG-65 radar common to the F/A 18.

Front 46

What is the primary function of the KC130F/R/T Hercules?

Back 46

Primary Function: In flight refueling; tactical transport

Front 47

What is the crew of the KC-130 F/R/T Hercules?

Back 47

Crew of 6
-2 pilots
-1 navigator/system operator
-1 engineer
-1 mechanic
-1-2 load masters

Front 48

What are the mission of the KC130F/R/T Hercules?

Back 48

-IN FLIGHT REFUELING for both tactical aircrafts and helicopters as well as RAPID GROUND REFUELING as required.
-Ariel DELIVERY OF TROOPS AND CARGO, emergency resupply into unimproved landing zones.
-Airborne Direct Air Support Center
-Medevac
-Evacuation missions
-Special operations support

Front 49

What are some features of the KC130F/R/T Hercules?

Back 49

-removable 3600 gallon stainless steel tank carries inside the cargo comaprtment providing additional fuel when required.
-Two wing mouted refueling pods each transfer up to 300 gallons per minute to two aircrafts simutaneously allowing for rapid cycle times of mulit receiver aircraft formations (typical tanker formation is 4 aircrafts in less than 30 minutes).
-Some KC130's are equipped with defensive electronic and countermeasure systems.

-Development is currently under way for interior/exterior night vision lighting, night vission heads up display, GPS, and jam resistant radios.

Front 50

What is the primary function and crew of the F-18A/B/C Hornet?

Back 50

Primary Function: Intecept and destroy enemy aircraft under all-weather conditions and attack and destroy surface targets.

Crew: 1

Front 51

What is the armament of the F-18A/B/C Hornet?

Back 51

-9 external wing stations
-comprising 2 wingtip stations for an assortment of air to air and air-to-ground weapons including;
-SPARROWS
-SIDEWINDERS
-AMRAAM's
-HARPOONS
-MAVERICKS

-Two inboard wing stations for;

-external fuel tanks and air-to-ground stations
-SPARROWS or AN-AAS-38
-Forward Looking Infrared Radar (FLIR) pods

-and a center station for;
-Fuel tanks or air to ground wepaons

-Air to ground weapons include all GBU series bombs.

-An M61 20mm six barrel gun is mouted on the nose and has a McDonnell Douglas director gunsight.

Front 52

Where is the F-18 A/B/C AND D capable of operating from?
What is the range capablility?

Back 52

-Carriers, advanced bases, and expeditionary airfields.
-Be able to deploy or conduct extended range ops employing aerial refueling.

Front 53

What is the mission of the F-18A/B/C Hornet?

Back 53

-Intercept and destroy enemy aircraft under all weather conditions.

-Conduct day and night CLOSE AIR SUPPORT under all weather conditions

-Conduct day and night precision DEEP AIR SUPPORT, under all weather.
Deep air support consists of
-Radar search and attack
-Interdiction
-Strikes against enemy installations.
-Conduct day and night suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD)
-

Front 54

What are some major differences between the F 18 A/B/C and the F18D?

Back 54

-F18D has two pilot vice one for the F18A/B/C.
-The F18 D elaborate are destroying surface targets with:
-JDAM
-JSOW
-MK 80 general purpose bombs
-Cluster bombs

Front 55

What are some features of the F-18A/B/C Hornet?

Back 55

-Can be quickly configured for perform either fighter or attack missions, or both, thus providing MAGTF commanders more flexibility in a rapidly changing scenario.
-Land based from prepared airfields, can operate from Expeditionary air fields (EAF) or sea based from carriers.

Front 56

What is the primary function of the F-18D Hornet?
What is the crew?

Back 56

-Attack and destroy surface targets, day or night, under all weather conditions
-Conduct multi sensor imagry reconaissance
-Provide supporting arms coordination
-Intercept and destroy enemy aircraft under all weather conditions.

Crew: 2

Front 57

What is the armament of the F-18D Hornet?

Back 57

-9 external wing stations, comprising 2 wingtip stations for:
Sindwinders

-2 outboard wing stations for an assortment of air-to-air and air-to-ground weapons including;
-Sparrows
-sindwinders
-AMRAAMs
-Harpoons
-Maverick

Two inboard wing stations for external fuel tanks or air-to-ground stations

Two nicelle fuselage stations for:
-Sparrows
-AS/AAS-38 Forward Looking Infrared Radar (FLIR) pods

Center station for fuel tank or air to ground weapons such as:
-GBU lazer guided bombs
-JDAM
-JSOW
-Mk80 series general purpose bombs
-Cluster bombs.

An M61 20mm six-barrel gun is mounted on the nose as has a McDonnell Douglas director gunsight.

Front 58

What class of ship is the LHA?

Back 58

-Tarawa class

Front 59

What are the missions of the F-18D Hornet?

Back 59

- DEEP air support consisting of:
-ARMED RECONAISSANCE
-Radar search and attack
-Interdiction
-STRIKES AGAINST ENEMY INSTALLATIONS

-Conduct MULTI SENSORY IMAGRY RECONAISSANCE to include pre-strike and post-strike target damage assessment and visual reconaissance.

Supporting arms coordination to include:
-Forward air control
-Tactical air coordination and ARTILLERY/NAVAL GUNFIRE SPOTTING.

-Intercept and DESTROY ENEMY AIRCRAFTS in conjuction with ground and airborne fighter direction.
-Conduct BATTLEFIELD ILLUMINATION AND TARGET IDENTIFICATION.
-Conduct armed escort of friendly aircraft.

Front 60

What does the Marine Corps use the F-18D Hornet for? What does the NAVY use the F-18D Hornet for? (Features)

Back 60

-Marine Corps uses F18D as a tactical strike aircraft, NAVY uses F18D as trainer.

Front 61

What class of ship is the LHD?

Back 61

-Wasp class

Front 62

The LHA ships serve as the centerpiece of what?
How many personnel does this consist of?

Back 62

-Mulit ship Amphibious Readiness Group (ARG).

-3,000 Sailors and Marines and approximately 5,000 personnell.

Front 63

What is the primary mission of the LHA (Landing Helicopter Assault)?

Back 63

-Primary war fighting mission of the LHA-1 Tarawa class is to land and sustain United States Marines on any shore during hostilities.
-These ships serve as the centerpiece of a mulit ship Amphibious Readiness Group (ARG).
-Some 3,000 Sailors and Marines contribute to a forward-deployed ARG comprised of approximately 5,000 personnell.

Front 64

What class of ship is the largest amphibious ship in the world?

Back 64

-Wasp class (LHD)

Front 65

What is the largest amphibious ship in the world

Back 65

-LHD

Front 66

What class of ship is the improved follow on the 5 Tarawa Class Ship of LHA's?

What are the improvements?
What are the similarities?

Back 66

-Wasp Class LHD

-Enhanced well deck, enabling it to carry 2 more LCACs
-Enhanced flight deck and elevator scheme, enabling it to carry 2 more helicopters.

-They have the same hull and engineering plant

Front 67

What ship is the Harpers Ferry (Cargo Variant)?

Back 67

-LSD

Front 68

The LPD Austin Class Combines the function of 3 different classes of ships. What are they?

Back 68

-LSD; Landing ship
-LST; The tank landing ship
-LKA; Attack cargo ship

Front 69

What is the primary function of the LPD 4 Austin Class?

Back 69

-The Amphibious Trasport Dock is used to transport and land Marines, their equipment and supplies by embarking landing craft and vehicles augmented by helicopters in amphibious assault.
-Configured as a FLAG SHIP, providing command, control, and communications facilities to support Amphibious Task Force Commander and Landing Force Commander.
-Primary CONTROL SHIP responsible for coordinating boat waves and vectoring landing crafts to the beach.

Front 70

What two ships can be configured as Primary Control ships during amphibious assault?

Back 70

-LPD-4 Austin Class
-LSD-Harpers Ferry Cargo Variant

Front 71

What is the primary mission of the LSD?

Back 71

-Primary Mission of the Harpers Ferry (Cargo Variant) ship is to dock, transport, and launch the Navy's Landing Craft, Air Cushion (LCAC) vessels and other amphibious crafts into potential trouble spots around the world.
-Also has capacity to act as PRIMARY CONTROL SHIP during Amphibious Assault.

Front 72

What is the description of the LCAC?
How much weight is the LCAC capable of carrying? Example?

Back 72

-LCAC is a high speed, over-the-beach fully ambphibious landing craft
capable of carrying a 60-75 ton payload.
-M1A1 tank

Front 73

What two ships in the book carry the LCAC?

Back 73

-LHD
-LSD Harpers Ferry Cargo Variant

Front 74

What class of ship is the LPD?
What does LPD stand for?

Back 74

-Austin Class
-Amphibious Transport Dock

Front 75

What are the two missions of the T-AH Sealift?

Back 75

-First, to provide rapidly responsive afloat medical care in support of the Amphibious Task Force (ATF) and to all branches of the military.
Second; Full service hospital asset for use by other governments in support of natural disaster relief and humanitarian operations.

Front 76

Where does the LCAC operate from?
What is the advantage of the LCAC?

Back 76

-Capable of operating from existing and planned well deck ships.

-Advantage: payload and speed means more forces reach the shore in a shorter time, with shorter intervals between trips

Front 77

What does LCAC stand for?
What is the primary mission of the LCAC?

Back 77

-Landing Craft, Air Cushion
-Tranport weapons systems, equipment, cargo, and personnel of the assault element of the MAGTF both from ship to shore and across the beach.
.

Front 78

What is the mission of the T-AH?

How is this accomplished?

Back 78

-Minimize the effect of wounds, injury, and disease on unit effectiveness, readiness, and morale.

-Accomplished by: Proactive Preventive Medicine Program and a PHASED HEALTH CARE SYSTEM (echelon of care)

Front 79

How much cargo does the T-AK (Cpl Louis J Hauge Jr.) Class of ship hold?

What are some its capabilities?

Back 79

-Enough cargo to support the MAGTF for 30 days

-Lift of/Lift off capabilites
-Roll on/roll off capabilites
-Certified to land CH-53E's
-Break bulk cargo capacity used for carrying general cargo.

Front 80

What is the T-AH (sealift)?
Who Command controls this ship?

Back 80

-Two hospital ships: Mercy and Comfort
-Operated by Military Sealift Command

Front 81

What class of ship is the T-AK Sealift?
How many ships are there?

Back 81

-Cpl. Lois J. Hauge Jr. class
-5 ships

Front 82

Where are T-AK (Cpl Louis J Hauge Jr.) ships pre-positioned?
What is this type of ship known as and how many are there?
What are they specially configured to do?
When were these ships built or modified?
Where are these ships on location at?

Back 82

-Diego Garcia
-Maritime Prepositioning Force
-13
-transport supplies for the US Marine Corps
-mid 1980's
-Western Pacific, Indian Ocean, and Mediterranian

Front 83

What is the differences between war and MOOTW (Military Operations other than War):

Back 83

-War; leadership decides to conduct large scale, sustained combat operations to achieve national objectives or protect national interest. Goal is to win as quickly as possible with as few casualties as possible.

MOOTW; focus on DETERRING WAR, resolving conflict, promoting peace, and supporting civil authorities in response to domestic crisis. PREVENTIVE MEASURE. Rules of engagement are different than war.

Front 84

14 examples of MOOTW: SACS-PEN-MEN-HEP

Back 84

-Show of force operations
-Arms control
-Combating terrorism
-Strikes and raids

-Protection of shipping
-Ensuring freedom of navigation and oversight
-Nation assistance/support to counterinsugency

-Military support to civil authorities
-Enforcing exclusion zones
-Noncombatant evaucation operations

-Humanitarian assistance
-Enforcement of sanctions/maritime intercept operations
-Peace operations

Front 85

Explain Arms Control;

Back 85

-A MOOTW.
-INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT related to arms.
-Examples

-Verifying an arms control treaty
-Seizing WMD
-Escorting authorized deliveries of weapon
-Disposing of weapons and hazardous materials.

Front 86

Explain combating terrorism:

Back 86

-MOOTW
-Oppose terrorism from wherever the threat.
-Include antiterrorsim (defensive measures) and counterterrorism (offensive measures)
-Assistance is provided to foreign countries
-DOS (Department of Special Operations) is lead agency for outside the US.
-DOJ (Department of Justice) is lead agency for inside the US
-DOT (Department of Transportation) is lead agency aboard aircrafts.

Front 87

Explain "Enforcemment of Sanctions/Maritime Intercept operations"?

Back 87

-MOOTW
-Regulate the movement of certain designated items in and out of a nation or specific area.
-Operation is both political and military. Political; compel a country or group to conform to the objective. Military; establish a barrier which is selective, allowing only authorized goods to enter and exit.

Front 88

Explain "Enforcing Exclusion Zones".

Back 88

-MOOTW
-PROHIBITS ACTIVITY in a specific geographical location
-Can be air (no fly zones), sea (maritime) or land
-Purpose is to PERSUADE NATIONS TO MODIFY THEIR BEHAVIOR
-Usually imposed by the UN; but may be imposed by the US.
-Cause is breach of international law or human rights.

Front 89

Give 2 examples of Enforcing Exclusion Zones:

Back 89

- Operation Southern watch in Iraq in 1992
- Deny Flight in Bosnia in 1993

Front 90

Explain "Ensuring Freedom of Navigation and Overflight"

Back 90

-MOOTW
-Conducted to demonstrate international rights to navigate sea and air routes.

-Example of freedom of overflight is Berlin air corridors from 1948 to 1990, allowing air access to West Berlin

Front 91

Explain "Humanitarian Assistance"

Back 91

-MOOTW
-Relieve or reduce the result of natural or manmade disasters or other conditions such as human pain, hunger, dieases.
-HA is generally limited in scope and duration and supplements the host nation.
-Undersecretary of Defense and Policy has the overall responsibility for developing the military policy for HA.

Front 92

Give three example of HA operations:

Back 92

-Operation Sea Angel I in 1991
-Operation Sea Angel II in 1992
-aftermath in Bangledesh

Front 93

Explain military support to civil authorities:

Back 93

-MOOTW
-Provide temporary support to civil authorities.
-Examples: temporary augmentation of air traffic control, postal workers during strike, aftermath of riots, protection of life and federal property, providing relief in aftermath of natural disaster

Front 94

Explain "National assistance/support to counterinsurgency"

Back 94

-MOOTW
-Military assistance rendered to a nation by US forces
-Goal is to promote long term regional stability
-Integrated through US Ambassadors Country Plan
-Security assistance refers to programs provided that give training, supplies, other defense related services through loan, credit, or cash sales.
-Provide combat systems (weapons and equipment)

Front 95

Explain "Noncombatant evacuation operations".

Back 95

-MOOTW
-Relocated threatened noncombatants from a foreign country.
-Mostly to evacuate US citizens but citizen from HN as well as citizens from other countries may be evacuted.
-Commanders plan for the possibility of opposition and a combat operation.
-Similar to a raid with swift insertion of a force, temporary occupation of objective, and ends with a planned withdrawl.
-DOS (Department of Special Operations) is responsible.
-US ambassador or Chief of Diplomatic Missions is responsible for preparation of Emergency Action Plan.
-May be directed without warning, and with uncertainty because of sudden change in a countries government, change in political relationship with government, a sudden threat to US citizens, or a natural disaster.

Front 96

Explain "Peace Operations":

Back 96

-MOOTW
-Operation to support diplomatic efforts to reach a long term political settlement
-Necessary to secure a negotiating truce or resolve a conflict.
-Additional types of MOOTW may compliment a PO such as HA or NEO

Front 97

Explain "Protection of Shipping"

Back 97

-MOOTW
-Provide protection US flag vessels, protection of US citizens (embarked in Us or foreign vessels), and their property against unlawful violence in and over international waters.
-Protection of shipping includes: coastal sea control, harbor defense, port security, counter mine operations, and environmental defense, in addition to operations on the high seas.
-Have potential to grave damage of natural resources, the economy, and military operations

Front 98

Give an example of "Protection of Shipping"

Back 98

-Operation EARNEST WELL, the re-flagging of Kuwait ships in 1987

Front 99

Explain "Recovery Operations":

Back 99

-MOOTW
-Conducted to search for, locate, identify, rescue, and return personnel and human remains, sensitive equipment, and items critical to national secuirty.

Front 100

Give an example of "Recovery Operations":

Back 100

-OPERATION FULL ACCOUNTING conducted to account for and recover the remains of service members lost during the Vietnam War.

Front 101

Give an example of "Recovery Operations":

Back 101

-OPERATION FULL ACCOUNTING conducted to account for and recover the remains of service members lost during the Vietnam War.

Front 102

Explain "Show of Force Operations":

Back 102

-MOOTW
-Involve increased visibility of US deployed forces in an attempt to defuse a specific situation, that if allowed to continue may be detrimental to US interests and national objectives.
-Can influence other governments to respect US interests as well as international law.

Front 103

Give an example of "Show of Force operations":

Back 103

-OPERATIONS JTF-PHILIPPINES conducted by US forces in 1989 in support of President Aquino during a coup attemp against the Philippine governent.

Front 104

Explain "Strikes and Raids"

Back 104

-MOOTW
-Strikes are offensive operations conducted to inflict damage on, seize, or destroy an objective for political purposes
-Used for punishing offending nations or groups, upholding international law, or preventing those nations or groups from launching their own offensive actions.

-Raids is usually a small scale operation involving swift penetration of hostile territory to secure information, confuse the enemy, or destroy installations. It ends with a planned withdraw upon completion.

Front 105

Give an example of a "Strike":

Back 105

-OPERATION URGENT FURY, conducted on the island of Grenada in 1983.

Front 106

Give an example of a "raid":

Back 106

-Operaton EL DORADO CANYON; conducted against Libya in 1986, in response to a terrorist bombing against the US in Berlin.

Front 107

Explain the history of Military Operation on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT) and the military and political significance.

Back 107

-Military planners view cities as centers of gravity, something either protected or taken away.
-Urbanized areas are significant sources of future conflict because they are where;
-radical ideas ferment
-groups find allies
-mixtures of people cause ethnic conflict
-groups receive media attention.
-Access to radio and television give groups the ability to influence public opinion and attain their political goals.

Front 108

Explain the Marine Corps role in Urbanized Warfare:

Back 108

-Marine Corps is the nations force in readiness, forward deployed with expeditionary forces, so they must be prepared to fight in a Urbanized environment.
-Task organized and combined arms aspect makes Marines well suited for urbanized warfare.
-Since WWII, Marine forces have employed military forces more than 200 times; 4 out of 5 involved Naval forces with Marines embarked in amphibious operations. The reason this is so successful is: availability and adaptivity. Availability is loiter time of forward deployed forces; Adaptability comes from MAGTFS ability to support a variety of mission

Front 109

What are the 4 examples of MOUT?

Back 109

-Stalingrad (1942-1943)
-Berlin (1945)
-Seoul (1950)
-Quang Tri I and II (1972)

Front 110

Discuss Stalingrad:

Back 110

-MOUT
-1942-1943
-Soviet defense of Stalingrad against attacking Germans
-Involved large forces and resulted in innovative urban combat techniques and the CREATION OF STORM GROUPS (task organized assault units)
-Length of battle:greater than 30 days
-Casualties: 1,630,000

Front 111

Discuss Berlin:

Back 111

-MOUT
-1945
-Soviet offensive to seize German capital city
-Last battle of WWII in Europe
-Defense was not coordinated well due to poor planning on the Germans.
-Length of battle: 14-30 days
-Casualties: estimated in the thousands

Front 112

Discuss Seoul:

Back 112

-MOUT
-1950
-US and Republic of Korea recaptured the South Korea capital from the North Koreans.
-largely centered on seizing of street barricades rather than buildings.
-Length of battle: 6-13 days
-Casualties: Marines: 2,383, others estimated in the thousands

Front 113

Discuss Quang Tri I and II:

Back 113

-Objective of North Vietnamese was capture of Quang Tri, the north-most major city of South Vietnam.
-Qunang Tri I: NVA overwhelmed the Army, Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)
-Quang Tri II: City was recaptured by ARVN using extensive artillery and air support.
-Major urban battle of the Vietnam War.
-Length of Battle Quang Tri I: 6-13 days, Quang Tri II: 30 days or greater.
-Casualties: 30,000+

Front 114

What effect to noncombatants have on urban warfare?
MOFS

Back 114

-MOBILITY: civilians attempting to escape can block military movement

-OBSTACLES: Presence of civilians will influence MAGTF commanders obstacle plan. The use of mines and booby traps are regulated

-FIREPOWER: civilians can restrict the use of fire power. Areas may be designated as no fire areas. Implementation of positive target identification MAGTF commanders give detailed guidance. Without command, the general rule of the law of land warfar applies.

-SECURITY: Presence of civilians increases security requirements; Noncombatants entering defensive areas, sabotage and terrorism.

Front 115

Discuss the principles of Operational Maneuver from the Sea:

Back 115

-FUGPIE
-Focuses on a operational objective.
-Uses the sea as maneuver space
-Generated overwhelming tempo and momentum
-Pits strength against weakness
-Integrated all organic, joint, and combined assets
-Emphasizes intelligence, deceptions, and flexibility.

Front 116

What 3 basic types of HA operations does the US participate in?

Back 116

-Coordinated by the UN
-US participates with other multinational forces
-US acts alone.