102 Marine Corp History, Rank Structure And Courtesy Fundamentals

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1775

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The Marine Corp was created on 10Nov1775 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at Tun Tavern by a resolution of Continental Congress which "raised two battalions of Marines." Captain Samuel Nicholas became the commander of these battalions and is traditionally considered the first Commandant of the Marine Corp. In 1834, the Marines came under the Department of the NAVY. The National Security of Act of 1947, amended in 1952, states the present structure.

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In ______, the Marine Corp came under the Department of the NAVY. The National Security Act of ____, amended in ____, states the present structure.

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-1834
-1947
-1952

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1776

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-The first Marine landing took place during the Revolutionary War.
-Marine invaded New Providence Island in the Bahamas and seized guns and supplies.
-The uniform of the day had a stiff leather stock that was worn around the neck, thus the nickname "Leathernecks"

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1805

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-Marines stormed the Barbary pirates' stronghold at Burma on the SHORES OF TRIPOLI
-Marines raised the STARS AND STRIPES for the first time in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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1847

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-Mexican War, Marines occupied the HALLS OF MONTEZUMA during the BATTLE OF CHAPULTEPEC in Mexico City.
-The Royal Palace fell to invading Marines, who were among the first United States troops to enter the capital.
-Marines also helped take California.

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1859

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-Under the command of COLONIEL ROBERT E. LEE, U.S. Army
-Marines stormed the United States arsenal at HARPER'S FERRY and put down an attempted slave revolt led by abolitionist JOHN BROWN.

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1868

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-Eagle, globe, and anchor.
-Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin, 7th Commandant, modified the British (Royal) Marine emblem to depict the Marines as both American and maritime.
-The globe and anchor signifies both worldwide service and sea tradition. The spread eagle is a symbol of the nation itself.

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1883

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-"Semper Fidelis" (Latin for Always faithful) was adopted. OR Semper Fi."

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1900

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-In support of foreign policy, Marines from ships on the ASIATIC STATION defended the AMERICAN LEGATION in PEKING CHINA during the BOXER REBELLION.
-Marines were part of a multi national defense force that protected the Legation Quarter against attack. This small defense force held out against the Boxers until a relief force was able to reach Peking and end the rebellion

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1913

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-Marine Corps Aviation unit was established.
-Marine Major ALFRED A CUNNINGHAM was the first pilot.

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1917

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-Marines landed in France.
-Marines participated in EIGHT DISTINCT OPERATIONS, distinguishing themselves, and were awarded number of decorations, among them the FRENCH FOURRAGERE still worn by members of the 5TH AND 6TH MARINES.

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1933

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-FLEET MARINE FORCE, formally establishing the "COMMAND AND ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS" between the Fleet and Marine Corp.
-Equipment board was established at Quantico, VA, and Marines began to devote long hours to testing and developing materials for LANDING OPERATIONS AND EXPEDITIONARY SERVICE.

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1965

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-SOUTH VIETNAM, conducting numerous large scale offensive operations and participated in the pacification program designed the win the support of the local populace.

-Also, in response to an attempted coup of the local government, Marines landed in the DOMINICAN REPUBLIC to evacuate and protect U.S. Citizens.
-The Marines formed the core of a multi national force that quickly restored peace.

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1982

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-LEBANON as part of a multi national peace keeping force in an effort to restore peace and order in this war torn country.
-The action further displayed the Marines concept of a FORCE IN READINESS.
-On OCT231983, a suicide bomber attacked the headquaters building, KILLING 240 AMERICANS AND WOUNDING 70 OTHERS.
-The last Marine unit withdrew in JULY OF 1984

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1991

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-OPERATION DESERT STORM was launched after the Iraqi goverment refused to comply with United Nations resolutions.
-Marine aviation was heavily used when the air phase commensed in JAN OF 1991.
-When massive bombing failed to dislodge Iraqi forces, Marine ground forces swept into Kuwait and liberated the country, causing severe damage to the Iraqi military capability.

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2001

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-OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF), On SEP 11 2001, a series of terrorist attacks took place in the United States of America. The attacks targeted the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington D.C.
-On OCT 7TH, U.S. and British forces began AIR STRIKES in Afganistan after the Taliban refused to hand over OSAMA BIN LADEN, leader of the Al-Qiada terrorist organization.

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2003

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-OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM (OIF).
-United States and Coalition forces invaded Iraq after dictator SADDAM HUSSEIM and his sons UDAY and QUSAY refused to surrender or exile Iraq.
-20MAR2003, Marines from 1MEF crossed the Kuwait border into Southern Iraq in the first push to Bagdad.
-05Apr2003, Marines entered BAGDAD to secure major roads leading to the capital

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2004 (A)

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-FIRST BATTLE OF FALUJAH
-Killing of 4 Blackwater guards in the city of FALLUJAH
-1 MEF were ordered to conduct offensive operations against insurgents located in Fallujah.
-APR42004; US forced launched a major assault in an attempt to "re-establish" security in Fallujah.
-BRIGADIER GENERAL MARK KIMMIT, deputy director of operations for the US military in Iraq promised an overwhelming response to Blackwater deaths promising WE WILL PACIFY THAT CITY

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2004 (B)

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-SECOND BATTLE OF FALUJAH
-OPERATION AL FAJIR and PHANTOM FURY (with the goal of retaking Fallujah)
Marines from 1 MEF cordoned the city and moved into position where there was believed to be a stronghold of 4000-5000 INSURGENTS.
-7NOV2004, operations began, by 13NOV2004, US and Coalition forces controlled most of the city.
-During the next several days, US forces moved from house to house eliminating insurgent resistance.
-16NOV2004, US officials announced that the city had been cleared.
-Insurgent losses; 1200-1350.
-This was the largest military operation since the opening days of Operation Iraqi Freedom.

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The Battle of Belleau Wood

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-Great battle in history
-At BELLEAU WOOD, France
-During World War I
-Defeated Germans at Belleau Wood that threatened Paris
-French renamed the area "the woods of the Bregade of Marines
-German intelligence called the Marines STORM TROOPERS the highest rating of the enemy fighting scale
-German troops called their enemy TEUFENHUNDEN or DEVIL DOGS

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The Battle of Gaudalcanal

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-7AUG1942 1st Marine Division landed at GUADALCANAL in the SOLOMON ISLANDS
-1st United States land offensive of World War II
-1st combat test of amphibious doctrine
-crutal turning point in Pacific, provided base to launch further attack
-Amphibious landings on the remaining Solomon Islands, New Georgia, Choiseul (Feint), and Bougainville

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The Battle of Tarawa

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-GILBERT ISLANDS, first line of advance for the offensive in the Central Pacific
-Prime objective, TARAWA and BETIO Islands
-Fortified by Japanese to the point where Japanese Commander proclaimed, "it would take a million americans 100 years to conquer it"
-20NOV1943, landing took place. Marines secured the island in 76 hours
-Many Marines died due to extended reef forcing landing craft to offload hundreds of yards from the beach.
-Enemy fire and drowning was cause of so many deaths

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The Battle of Marianas Islands

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-MARIANA ISLANDS were invaded due to need for airfields by the Airforce and bases by the NAVY.
-Landings took place on SAIPAN, GUAM, TINIAN.
-JUNE AND JULY OF 1943 combined operations took place
-Led by LT. GENERAL HOLLAND M. SMITH
-136,000 combined Marines and soldiers
-Greatest number of troops to operate under Marine command at the time.

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The Battle of Iwo Jima

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-19FEB1945, Marines landed on Iwo Jima
-Largest and bloodiest all Marine battle in history
-Marines suffered 23,300 casualties
-Vicotry greatly increased air support and bombing operation against mainland Japan
ADMIRAL CHEST W. NIMITZ said "AMONG THE AMERICANS WHO SERVED ON IWO JIMA, UNCOMMON VALOR WAS A COMMON VIRTUE"

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The Battle of Chosin Reservoir

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-NOVEMBER OF 1950, in NORTH KOREA
-Marines were cut off after CHINESE COMMUNIST FORCES entered the war
-Marines smashed 7 out of 10 enemy divisions in the march from the CHOSEIN RESERVOIR
-Major significance: Marines brought out all operable equipment, properly evacuated their wounded and dead, and maintained tactical integrity

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The Battle of Hue City

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-JANUARY OF 1968, during the VIETNAMESE HOLIDAY AT TET, Communist forced launched a surprise offensive
-Near division size unit of NVA troops infiltrated the heavily populated HUE CITY, SOUTH VIETNAM
-Marines fought in urban environment for the first time since the Korean war, foregoing heavy arms to minimize civilian casualties
-Fighting was house to house with progress measured in yards
-25FEB1968; city was secured

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-Brevet Brigadier General Archibald Henderson
-1820; became coimmandant
-held command for 39 years
-1859; death
-Led the Corps through; INDIAN WAR, WAR WITH MEXICO, the OPENING OF CHINA, and the DISORDERS IN CENTRAL AMERICA
-Called "THE GRAND OLD MAN OF THE MARINE CORPS"
-Introduced higher standards of personal appearance, training, and discipline
-strived to have the Marine Corp known as a professional military force, capable more than just sea and guard duties

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-Sergeant Major Quick
-Awarded METAL OF HONOR at CUZCO WELL (Guantanamo Bay, Cuba)
--Operation to seize advance bases for Atlantic Fleet of Marines
-Awarded Metal of Honor for signaling emergency lift of Naval bombardment while under Spanish and American shellfire
-Guantanamo Bay demonstrated usefuleness of Marines as assault troops
-When employed with the fleet, Marines added strength to the capture and defense of advanced bases.
-This becamse primary role of the Marine Corp in 1898

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-Sergeant Major Dan Daly
-Awarded 2 Metals of Honor
-(1) Chinese Boxer Rebellion
-(2)First Caco War in Haiti
-During Battle of Belleau Wood, then Gunnery Sergeant Daly said "Come on you sons of bitches, do you want to live forever?!"

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-Louis B. "Chesty" Puller
-Leieutenant General Puller
-Served in Nicaragua during political unrest and rebellious activity
-Became famous with 32 Marines with ability to engage rebel groups and bandits in the jungles of Nicaragua to the Honduran border
-Became known as "The Tiger of the Mountain" (1930)
-Marine Corp mascot, an English bulldog named "Chesty" is named after this Marine

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-Gregory R. "Pappy" Boyington
-Recognized as ariel dog fighter
-commanded VMH-214, the "Black Sheep" during WWII
-Recognized as Marine Corps top ranking flying ace with 28 kills (1945)

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-Corprol Ira H. Hyes was in photograph taken of the second flag raising incident at Mt. Suribachi
-Attached to Fifth Amphibious Corps commanded by Major General Harry Schmidt
-Pima Indian
-Japanese stronghold was taken on 23Feb1945

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-Brigadier General Margaret A. Brewer
-Then a coloniel, served as the "Director of Women Marines (WM) during the period of 1973-1977
-Seventh and last director of WM, the only post-world was woman to hold the position
-Became the first woman general officer on 11May1978

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-Robert E. Bush
-Hospital Apprentice 1st Class
-Rifle Co. Medical Corpsman with 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, 5th Marine Division
-Served on Okinawa, 2May1945
-Moved from one casualty to another while under fire. Administered blood plasma to a Marine officer while firing his pistol at the enemy until he was empty. He then picked up a Carbine and killed six enemy despite serious wounds and the loss of one eye.
-Received the Metal of Honor, the youngest WWII NAVY man to receive the honor

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-John H. Bradley
-Pharmacists Mate 2nd Class
-Attached to Marine Rifle Platoon, 2nd Battalion, 28th Marine Regiment, 5th Marine Division during the Battle of Iwo Jima
-One of six who raised the flag at Mount Suribachi on 21Feb1945
-Ran through intense fire to save a fallen Marine, tied plasma to his rifle, planted it into the sand, and continued life saving mission, then pulled the man 30 yards through intense enemy fire
-Awarded NAVY Cross and Purple Heart

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-Robert R. Ingram
-HM3 was awarded METAL OF HONOR while serving with Company C, 1ST BATTALION, 7TH MARINES,1ST MARINE DIVISION during Vietnam War
-Battles North Vietnam Aggressors (NVA) in QUANG NGAI PROVINCVE, Republic of Vietnam on 28Mar1966
-Crawled across the battle field to reach downed Marines
-Bullet went through palm of his hand
-Wounded, he collected ammo from the dead and administered aid to the wounded
-Received 2 more wounds with the third being LIFE THREATENING.
-While dressing the head wound of another corpsman, he received a 4TH WOUND.

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When/how to salute:

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-BEGIN salute; at least 6, no more than 30 paces
-HOLD salute until returned or acknowledged
-ACCOMPANY salute with appropriate greeting
-LOOK squarely at person or colors being saluted
-RENDER salute only once if senior remains in the immediate area
-RENDER the salute again if conversation takes place when a senior leaves you or when you depart.

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Salute in a group:

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IF your group is not in formation-THEN the first person to notice an officer approaching calls the group to attention and salutes for the group, or the entire group salutes individually
-IF your group is in formation- THEN the senior person calls the formation to attention and salutes for the group.

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Salute when passing an officer that is going the same direction as you:

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-Come abreast of the officer, salute, and say "By your leave, sir (ma'am)
-Officer returns the salute, and says "Carry on" or "granted"

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Salute officers:

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-Regular or reserved
-of the Navy, Army, Airforce, Marine Corps, Coast Guard,
-And foreign military and Naval Officers whose governments are formally recognized by the U.S. government

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Do not salute when:

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-At work indoors (except when under arms)
-At prison or guarding prisoners
-Under battle conditions
-In ranks, at games, or part of a working detail
-At crowded gatherings, in public conveyances, or in congested areas, unless you are addressing or are being directly addressed by a senior
-Doing so would physically interfere with your performance of an assigned duty or would create a hazard
-While your blouse or coat is unbuttoned
-With a smoking device in your hand

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W-1

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Warrant Officer (WO-1)

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W-2

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Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-2)

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W-3

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Cheif Warrant Officer (CWO-3)

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W-4

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Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-4)

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W-5

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Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-5)

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0-1

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Second Lieutenant (2ndLt)

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0-2

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First Lietuenant (1stLt)

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0-3

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Captain (Capt)

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0-4

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Major (Maj)

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0-5

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Lieutenant Coloniel (LtCol)

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0-6

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Coloniel (Col)

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0-7

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Brigadier General (BGen)

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0-8

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Major General (MGen)

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0-9

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Lieutenant General (LtGen)

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0-10

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General (Gen)

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-Rendering honors during colors

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-IF you are neither in formation nor in a vehicle-THEN render the prescribed salute and hold until the last note sounds
-IF no flag is near-THEN face the music and salute
-IF you are in formation-THEN salute only on the command, "present arms"
-IF you are outdoors or uncovered-THEN stand at attention and face the direction of the flag or music
-IF you are indoors-THEN stand at attention and face the music or flag
-IF you are in a vehicle-THEN driver halt vehicle, driver and passenger remain seated at attention and do not salute
-IF you are passing or being passed by an uncased color which is being paraded, presented, or is on formal display-THEN salute at 6 paces distance and hold the salute for 6 paces beyond or until it has passed your position by 6 paces
-IF you are uncovered-THEN stand or march at attention when passing or being passed by an uncased color.

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Rendering honors while boarding and departing ships:

Boarding a Naval ship between 0800 and sunset:

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-Face AFT upon reaching the top of the gangway (brow)
-Salute the national Ensign
-Salute the OOD, who will be standing on the quarterdeck at the head of the gangway.
-Request "permission to come aboard"

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Rendering honors while boarding and departing ships:

Departing a Naval ship between 0800 and sunset

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-Salute the OOD and request "permission to go ashore"
-Go to the brow, turn aft and salute the National Ensign

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Rendering honors while boarding and departing ships:

Board and depart a Naval ship between sunset and 0800

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-Same procedures as between 0800 and sunset but do not turn aft and do not salute the National Ensign

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Finished

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Finished