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15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Intestinal Apo B48

ApoB48은 CM을 형성해서 liver로 간다.

Cholesterol, ApoB100

LDL에 존재. Apo B100은 receptor ligand 역할을 한다.

Apo A

HDL 이 가지고 있다. Peripheral 에서 TG 교환이 일어남.

Drugs for Hypercholesterolemia

a. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor


b. Bile acid sequestrants


c. Ezetimibe


Drugs for reducing elevated TG and to raise HDL-C levels

a. Fibric acid derivatives


b. Niacin

Mech of Statin

a. HMG-CoA reductase block해서 mevalonate로 가는거 방해한다.


b. sterol 이 부족해지면 SCAP 이 SREBP 를 끊게 된다 --> 핵으로 가서 SRE 에 bind --> LDL R 증가.

Pharmacological Effect of Statin

a. Reduce LDL and TG


b. Increase HDL


c. Increase endothelial NO production – vasodilatation


d. Stabilize plaque by inhibiting MØ infiltration and MMPs secretion


e. Inhibit arterial SM proliferation


f. Inhibit tumor cell proliferation


g. Decrease inflammation


h. Reduce oxidation of lipoproteins


i. Decrease platelet aggregation


Side Effect of Statin

a. Liver toxicity (~ 1%)


b. Myopathy and rhbadomyolysis: CK monitoring


c. Not recommended to pregnant & nursing women


d. Possible to use for children >11.



cf) Simvastatin: 반감기가 짧으므로 0-2 AM 에 복용. Atorvastatin: 반감기가 기므로 아무때나 한번.


Bile-acid sequestrants (aka resins)

-cholestylamine, colestipol.


-sequester bile acid in lumen of small intestine.


-LDLR을 높히는 효과도 존재.


-보상 반응으로 cholesterol이 더 만들어질 수 있으므로, statin을 combination해서 사용.

Effects of Resins

-reduce LDL.


-TG increased in high TG patients (not recommended for high TG patients)


-Gritty taste/복부팽만감.


-Never take resins without water.


-청소년기엔 resin이 효과적. 나이가 들어서는 statin 사용.

Ezetimibe

a. cholesterol absorption inhibitor


-reduces LDL


-little effect on TG or HDL


-LDL effect is synergistic with statins


Nicotinic acid (niacin, vit B3)

-adipocyte 에 HSL (hormone sensitive lipase)가 만들어져 TG를 분해해서 FFA를 liver 로 보내는데 이를 막는게 niacin. --> TG, VLDL, LDL 도 감소.


-LPL 활성 증가 -> TG 분해.


-가장 큰 효과는 HDL 증가 (apoA I 분해 억제)


-CD 36 증가, ABCA 1 증가 -> cholesterol dynamics 증가 (influx & efflux)


-statin과 같이 사용하면 더 효과적

Side effect of niacin

a. Flushing (홍조) and pruritus (가려움)


b. Reactivate peptic ulcer (소화불량이 올 수 있다)


c. Increase insulin resistance in DM patients


d. Increase uric acid level in gout patients

Fibric Acids

eg. clofibrate, gemfibrozil, fenofibrate


-clofibrate은 부작용 때문에 사용 x. Fenofibrate가 많이 사용.


-PPAR a agonist


--> reduce TG, increase HDL, LDL 은 증가하거나 lv 유지.

Effects of fibric acids

-GI effect


-myopathy: in combination with high does of statin (이건 niacin 도 마찬가지)


-LDL 증가시킬 수 있다.


-increased risk of gallstone formation


-renal insufficiency, children, pregnant women 에서 사용 x.


-useful for type III hyperlipoproteinemia or hyperTG patients.