How Did Dorothea Dix Treat The Mentally Ill In The Mid-1800s

Great Essays
Imagine living in a place where you were sent for avail with a disability and it turns out to be a nightmare. A nightmare where you are residing in poor conditions, abused by a corrupt staff, and undergo dangerous operations on without your permission. Albeit many of us would never experience this, it was a cold-hearted reality for the mentally ill. Not only were the mentally ill treated horrible in “institutions” back in the mid-1800s to mid-1900s but outside they were not treated any better. In this research paper I am going to look into the treatment of the mentally ill in the mid-1800s to the mid-1900s.
Predicated on accumulated information, it is known that mental institutions in this duration were cruel and they brought immense damage
…show more content…
The consequences of this were the mentally ill were brutally abused by their violent jailmates. Dix then studied various prison facilities across the country and came up with the same conclusion as the one she came up with the prison at which she worked. The mentally ill living alongside violent criminals were often abused.
Dorothea Dix presented her findings to a legislature in Massachusetts. Everyone there was shocked by her description of the physical and sexual abuse, malnourishment, and the mentally ill being left naked in the cold. With this she started a movement of Institutions to help and treat the mentally ill across the country. Dorothea Dix would be mortified at how the institutions she worked hard to establish turned out to be.
From the mid-19th century to mid-20th century, it was apparent that mental health was not understood very well. American society decided that the best way to help the mentally ill was to institutionalize them. In hindsight, this led to the mentally ill being left out of society and institutions served more to segregation than aid the ill. Those who started mental institutions had good intentions, but these good intentions eventually were
…show more content…
Henry Laughlin did not care for the mental patients’ rights and performed sterilization without their knowledge and consent. In this time period their belief “was on eugenics and looking to produce the best possible race”.
Surgeon John Fulton performed a lobotomy on two chimpanzees, causing the usually moody animals to calm down. In turn, the successful surgery greatly influenced a professor from the University of Lisbon Medical School named Dr. Antonio Egas Moniz. Dr. Antonio Egas Moniz “he proposed to cut surgically the nerve fibers which connect the frontal and prefrontal cortex to the thalamus, a structure located deep in the brain, which is responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex”.
Moniz theorized that in doing lobotomies it can eliminate the mental patients’ toxic repetitive thoughts. Moniz worked with his colleague Dr. Almeida Lima on a surgical operation called leucotomy. Leucotomy is an operation where several small holes are drilled into two sides of the brain, then he inserts a special wire knife into the brain substance.With a couple of movements the fibers were cut and the patient could

Related Documents

  • Decent Essays

    1. Dix’s values of the mentally ill impacted their treatment. In the United States she helped create more than 30 hospitals. She told people that individuals with mental disturbances could not be cured. Before this People didn’t care what happened to the mentally ill. They put them in prisons and some were kept in cages.…

    • 153 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Decent Essays

    In 1841 Dorthea Dix started the prison and asylum reform movement. Her goal was to change the horrible way people were treated in prisons in the mid 1900s. During her time trying to reform these places she was met with many obstacles. After two years of investigating every prison in Massachusetts she wrote how badly the imprisoned and mentally ill were treated in these places. For example one way the mentally ill were treated poorley was that they were not given heated rooms because people believed they could not distinguish between hot and cold, an example on how prisoners were treated horribly is that they were beaten into submission.…

    • 181 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    They’d burn themselves up.” (healthresearchfunding.org). Dorothea did not believe mental illness should be a crime, and she didn't believe that it wasn't un-curable (science20). Because of this, she showed the ghastly reports of the inmates' lives, which sickened her spectators in Massachusetts and lead to funds being set aside for the state mental hospital in Worcester (history.com). Later Dorothea traveled to other states, including Europe and Canada to accomplish the same goal (history.com).…

    • 605 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Bly’s expose brought the mentally-ill into the spotlight for the first time in American history. People actually became aware of and wanted to help a group once deemed unimportant. In a way, Bly changed the American people’s perspective on the nation, opening their eyes and revealing the suffering of the less-fortunate. Bly also made the American people realize how ignorant they were about the affairs of their country. In her later years, “She ran her own factory, the Iron Clad Manufacturing Co., where she designed plant machinery, personally held 25 patents, and created ‘a model of social welfare for her 1,500 employees,’”(Stepp, 1995).…

    • 792 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Eventually the idea that a prison determined to both protect the public as well as reform the convicts became the main purpose of prisons. Although the purpose decided, the execution of this idea was not as decided. Many prisons greatly strayed from the main purpose of the prisons. That is where Dorothea Dix comes into the picture; she believed that prisons should run correctly and not used to make a profit off of the prisoners by forcing them into labor. The unsettling way that prisons were being run outraged many- like Dorothea Dix -that prisons began to reform during the Age of Reform- around 1820-1850 -although the prisons were also reformed after the Age of Reform as well.…

    • 1175 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    During this time she stopped teaching because she received a large inheritance that could support her. Dorothea finally regained her strength by 1841 and visited a jail in East Cambridge, Massachusetts that winter. She decided to investigate the prison after hearing rumors of the terrible conditions the prisoners had to live in. Some prisoners shared their concerns with her about the mentally ill prisoners kept there. She asked to see where they were, and to her shock, she found out the prisoners stayed in freezing cells…

    • 893 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The treatment of mentally ill people has evolved over time as the medical community had increased its understanding of the underlying causes of the disabilities. Asylums, places that housed the mentally ill in the 19th century, used harsh, painful, and inhumane methods to treat their patients. These methods of treatment began to change after Dorothea Dix, a teacher and nurse in the Civil War, began visiting asylums and reporting it to the public what she had witnessed. Dorothea Dix studied these patients and the treatments used on them for nearly her whole life, then helped a movement along to help asylums be better. Her criticisms of the asylum system would begin to change public opinion which was leading to laws being enacted to reform the…

    • 1785 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Though prior to the movement mental illness was thought to be a curse or evil spirit, Dorothea Dix petitioned in 1843, after examining many patients with mental illness, that mental illness was linked to a physical, scientifically provable phenomenon. Despite her efforts, many regions still did not accept the establishment of mental health facilities. Lewis Dwight was another reformer for prison systems who founded the Boston Prison Discipline Society which ended up eventually spread the Auburn system to jails – a system that promoted group work during the day and silent work at…

    • 1322 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Pfeiffer’s article “A Death in the Box” discusses the unfortunate reality that the mentally ill are forced to face within the criminal justice system by detailing the life and tragic suicide of a young mentally ill woman named Jessica Roger. The article centers on the debate about the punishments given to mentally deficient inmates and reveals the main underlying problem the system faces in that “when people with mental illness end up in prison, the need to treat them collides with the need to keep prison order, and everything about the system favors the latter” (Pfeiffer 3). While maintaining order may seem to be more important at first glance, misinformation and improper treatment of the mentally ill inmates can lead to a worsening of the condition, behavior, or even physical and psychological harm to the people involved. Even worse that the neglectful actions the prisons exhibit when treating the patients, the disciplinary action enforced on those suffering from illness are unjust as the “mentally ill inmates are punished for exhibiting symptoms of illness that the system has failed to treat” (Pfeiffer 3). Therefore, not only does the criminal justice system neglect to provide the mentally ill with assistance and treatment, but also forces disciplinary action upon those they fail in the process leading to a population of mentally deficient inmates slowly having their life sucked away by a corrupt…

    • 1267 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Asylum Dbq

    • 1043 Words
    • 5 Pages

    There were the disabled that weren't perfect and unable to be productive. The state and government tried to find a solution, and acted like "god" in a way. So society began to treat people they saw undesirable severely. This resulted in the state and government designed a location to house those unwanted people called an insane asylum.…

    • 1043 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The treatment of people with mental illnesses and handicaps has been a long lasting problem because of the misunderstandings of police, mental hospitals, and society. Many documentaries and movies have been made to show the lives lead in mental hospitals and institutions. News reports have talked about police shooting suspects who have been mentally ill. Most of these events could have been avoided if people could try and learn about mental illnesses, instead of hiding them away from the rest of the world. Just because they are physically or mentally different from the norm, society expects them to be maintained at an institution like dogs in a dog pound.…

    • 2391 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The treatment of mental patients has greatly improved since the 1960s, but it still is not perfect. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a novel written by Ken Kesey and published in 1962. Chief Bromden, a schizophrenic patient in an insane asylum who pretends to be dumb and deaf to avoid confrontation, narrates what happens in the ward. When authority hating Randle McMurphy is committed to the ward, he notices the head nurse, Nurse Ratched, manipulates her patients to keep her authority, rather than actually benefit the patients. Nurse Ratched clearly mistreats her patients and gives them unnecessary treatments.…

    • 1277 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    During the Victorian Era, there was a change in the views towards mental illness as people began to realize the conditions and treatments towards patients of the mental institutions. Jane Eyre follows the story of a girl who is living through the social discriminations of the Victorian Era and observes the way the mentally ill were treated. In most cases, judging someone’s mental health was closely related to gender and where they stood on the social scale. Charlotte Bronte’s accurate yet insensitive portrayal of how mental illness was viewed in the Victorian Era is shown through the depiction of the character Bertha Mason in the novel Jane Eyre. Victorian Era mental patients were first treated with ignorance and anger.…

    • 767 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In the book Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger the main character Holden Caulfield is sent to a mental institution due to the emotional devastation his brother, Allie 's, death had caused him. Cares about his brother so much that he isolated himself from society and his family who put him in the mental institution. Mental institutions continue to advance to help people like Holden Caulfield overcome mental disorders. Mental institutions were created for the reason to help people who have mental disturbances or mental disabilities. “The [Mental] Act [2001] defines mental disorder as mental illness, severe dementia, or significant intellectual disability,” (Citizens Information).…

    • 1096 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Dorothea Dix Philosophy

    • 1415 Words
    • 6 Pages

    By 1820, it had already been recognized that mental illness was illness, not sin or depravity, therefore, many institutions across the world had begun to free the mentally ill from excessive restraints and had also begun to establish the concept of humane treatment in institutions devoted to their care. Dix, however, perfected the idea and the new model of care became known as the moral treatment. The moral treatment consisted of removing mentally ill persons from a stressful environment and family conflicts and placing them under a rather benign but autocratic system of organized living. There were regular hours of habits, and the patients were kept occupied with crafts such as gardening and more. Everything was under the close supervision of a superintendent, a physician, and his word was law.…

    • 1415 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays