Chemistry is an umbrella term that refers to any study of properties, compositions, and reactions occurring between elements at an atomic level. Chemistry exists in many forms: biochemistry, theoretical chemistry, and nanochemistry for instance. One form of chemistry, nuclear chemistry, deals with radioactivity and nuclear processes. The most notable of these processes is transmutation. Transmutation refers to the action that changes an atom of a specific element to a different element, either naturally or artificially. Natural transmutations are the radioactive decay of a large, unstable isotope into a more stable, less massive sample. These types of changes to the nucleus occur naturally as the particle tries to restore its stability. In
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In 1932, a rumor that Nazi German scientists had gained ample understanding of the nuclear fission of uranium had begun pervading the United States. At the time, Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi, both genius scientists who were fleeing Nazi and fascist persecution respectively, were residing in the United States, and decided to inform the US government of the dangers of nuclear chemistry. Fermi traveled to Washington to speak, but was ignored. Einstein sent in a letter to President Roosevelt urging nuclear research in the United States be pursued. Roosevelt began to slowly form the program then, but it was not until 1941 that the nuclear project launched as a top secret project in Manhattan: “The Manhattan Project”. The first breakthrough occurred in 1942, when Fermi, leading a group of researchers at the University of Chicago, created the first controlled nuclear chain reaction. After this milestone, the project received higher funding and facilities. Overall, the United States spent over two-million dollars, and one hundred-twenty-thousand people. On July 16, 1945, the scientists were ready to test out the first bomb. The testing took place at Trinity State, near Alamogordo, New Mexico. The results were unpredictable: a mushroom cloud of four-hundred-twenty-thousand feet, an explosion that blew across one hundred miles of land. After this test, the researchers informed President Truman …show more content…
The first type of damage the Atomic bomb brought was to the infrastructure. In some cases, like with bridges and churches, the bomb had completely ruined the foundation. In other instances, like graveyards, the nuclear bomb had completely uprooted the infrastructure. The towns were all in all completely reduced to rubble. Another type of damage the bombs scarred Japan with can be seen in the psychological destruction they left behind. After the bombings of these areas, it was reported that anemia, lack of concentration, and PTSD (Post-traumatic Stress Disorder) all plagued Japan following the weapon’s use. The most horrifying element to Japan’s nuclear destruction was the damage the radiation had then and now. In the immediate aftermath of the bombing, terrifying images of thermal burns and keloids created a twisted image to be associated with nuclear warfare; however, the longterm effects were far more horrifying. The Japanese people have suffered to this day do the radiation that those two bombs exposed them to. This has lead to many birth defects including mental retardation, the lowering of IQ and brain size, blindness, delayed births, and Spina Bifida (failure of an infant 's spine
In 1932, a rumor that Nazi German scientists had gained ample understanding of the nuclear fission of uranium had begun pervading the United States. At the time, Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi, both genius scientists who were fleeing Nazi and fascist persecution respectively, were residing in the United States, and decided to inform the US government of the dangers of nuclear chemistry. Fermi traveled to Washington to speak, but was ignored. Einstein sent in a letter to President Roosevelt urging nuclear research in the United States be pursued. Roosevelt began to slowly form the program then, but it was not until 1941 that the nuclear project launched as a top secret project in Manhattan: “The Manhattan Project”. The first breakthrough occurred in 1942, when Fermi, leading a group of researchers at the University of Chicago, created the first controlled nuclear chain reaction. After this milestone, the project received higher funding and facilities. Overall, the United States spent over two-million dollars, and one hundred-twenty-thousand people. On July 16, 1945, the scientists were ready to test out the first bomb. The testing took place at Trinity State, near Alamogordo, New Mexico. The results were unpredictable: a mushroom cloud of four-hundred-twenty-thousand feet, an explosion that blew across one hundred miles of land. After this test, the researchers informed President Truman …show more content…
The first type of damage the Atomic bomb brought was to the infrastructure. In some cases, like with bridges and churches, the bomb had completely ruined the foundation. In other instances, like graveyards, the nuclear bomb had completely uprooted the infrastructure. The towns were all in all completely reduced to rubble. Another type of damage the bombs scarred Japan with can be seen in the psychological destruction they left behind. After the bombings of these areas, it was reported that anemia, lack of concentration, and PTSD (Post-traumatic Stress Disorder) all plagued Japan following the weapon’s use. The most horrifying element to Japan’s nuclear destruction was the damage the radiation had then and now. In the immediate aftermath of the bombing, terrifying images of thermal burns and keloids created a twisted image to be associated with nuclear warfare; however, the longterm effects were far more horrifying. The Japanese people have suffered to this day do the radiation that those two bombs exposed them to. This has lead to many birth defects including mental retardation, the lowering of IQ and brain size, blindness, delayed births, and Spina Bifida (failure of an infant 's spine