Africans had numerous internal problems, such as the use of human sacrifice and burning “witches” to death in certain regions of the continent (Reader 558), but Europeans could have assisted them and traded with them without simultaneously exploiting and dominating them. European treatment of Africans tended to improve over the timeline of history, generally moving from enslavement, to forced labor, to direct rule, to indirect rule, and eventually to African self-governance. Indirect rule was just a stepping stone between complete European domination and African independence. By 1980, virtually the entire continent of Africa had been decolonized through the work of independence movements and indigenous political entities, as well as from pressures within the imperialist powers themselves (Shillington 391). Frankly, Africans wanted self-rule, and the ultimate flaw with indirect rule was that it was forcibly imposed on Africans, few of whom wanted anything to do with …show more content…
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