In the early Medieval Ages, the component of Witchcraft had not yet blended to any extent, and so one finds approaches to the corruption of witchcraft focusing on the old Roman or Germanic fear of harmful magic, while churchmen felt complementary to express broad skepticism about other aspect of witchcraft. Although the concept of witchcraft drew on ideas of how primitive Jews and heretics were formed, there is no credible evidence that the European witchcraft trials were actually directed at the Jews. Other secular states also continued to consider witchcraft as first and foremost an attack by magical and supernatural
