Hypharyngeal Dysfunction Paper

Reference: Kummer, A. W. (2011). Disorders of resonance and airflow secondary to cleft palate and/or velopharyngeal dysfunction. Seminars in Speech and Language, 17;32;(2), 141-149. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1277716

− The article stated incidences of hyponasality in both cleft and non-cleft populations. Common causes of hyponasality include swelling of the nasal passages secondary to allergic rhinitis or the common cold, adenoid hypertrophy, nasopharyngeal polyps, or even hypertrophic tonsils that intrude into the pharynx. Other hyponasality causes, particularly in individuals with clefts or craniofacial anomalies, include a deviated septum (particularly with unilateral clefts), choanal stenosis (a narrowing of the opening between the back of one …show more content…
• In individuals with clefts or craniofacial anomalies common causes typically include a deviated septum (particularly with unilateral clefts), choanal stenosis (a narrowing of the opening between the back of one side of the nose to the throat), stenotic nares (narrowing of the nostrils), or maxillary retrusion (which restricts the pharyngeal and nasal cavity space).
• Unwanted effect of surgery designed to correct VP can cause hyponasality
• Hyponasality can occur in the speech of individuals with a disorder of motor planning and execution (i.e., apraxia of speech), but in this case, it is present in a more inconsistent or intermittent fashion and applies not just to the nasal/oral distinction but also to all speech