A Nutshell: A Hidden Curriculum

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1. ‘Primary socialisation’ refers to the process in which we learn a culture’s values and norms from our immediate family. This takes place during the formative years of childhood. In ‘primary socialisation’, we also learn our language and build a moral framework.

2. ‘Resocialization’ occurs when there is a change of social environment. Moreover, ‘resocialization’ may also refer to an individual who relocates himself to another culture. As a result, he has to dismiss what has hitherto been his value system, so as to express a new personal identity in accordance with the new social environment. For example, John moved from Malta to Libya. So as to fit in, he converted to Islam.

3. The socialisation process helps integrate people into society
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In addition, it makes them aware of how they are to be treated if they abide by normative or deviant behavioural patterns. On television, we can see what society makes of us, as well as how we are supposed to perform to get rewards and avoid punishments.

The education system helps a society be more cohesive, not merely due to it’s dependency on syllabi. However, education also brings about what is known as a ‘hidden curriculum’. In a nutshell, a ‘hidden curriculum’ transmits norms and values which help to integrate people into society.

4. Individuals might present their preferred identities to others by opting for a certain look. For example, a girl wearing a hijab is undoubtedly affirming her Muslim identity. Also, a man wearing fashionable clothes may be presenting a metrosexual or homosexual identity.

How people act is also an indication of what identity they are trying to present to society. Should a man be well-versed and have a strong vocabulary, surely he is a high-status male. Conversely, if he is not of power and eloquence, then he is not trying to seem
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Mead believed that our identity has two components. Moreover, he also took note of a rigid dichotomy between how we act in front of others and how we act alone. So, Mead labelled the ‘I’ as the active aspect of one’s identity. Conversely, the ‘me’ refers to the socialised aspect.

In 1934, Mead argued that after children develop their self-concept and start observing a multitude of people from different social backgrounds, they may play around with their identity, or modify it altogether. The ‘looking-glass self’ concept by Cooley elucidates this idea further. In a nutshell, our personal identity is determined, not only by ourselves, by how people see us; people’s reactions to the way we act and behave influences the way we will act, think and behave in the future.

Goffman saw society as being similar to a theatre stage. In it, we act out how we would like people to view and judge us. Furthermore, individuals in a society, according to Goffman, bear a resemblance to actors. Individuals manage the impressions they give to people, a concept Goffman called ‘impression management’. For example, a man who has long, dishevelled hair may be giving the impression that he is connected with a particular ghetto subculture. Also, a man who listens to Wagner on the radio may be giving the impression that he is an opera

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