As some people develop addictions to drugs, and not others, it’s interesting to think about why. Robinson and Berridge go into many complex neurological explanations for this issue, mainly involving animals, but that can, however, carry over into humans. Why certain people can start taking an addictive drug and stop when they so choose, and why others cannot, is interesting to think about. As no two people are the same, there’s obviously not a single, distinctive way to determine a definite cause. It is interesting that both negative and positive reinforcement had been considered as possible descriptions for drug addictions, as they would appear to be opposites.…
With this model, it stands firm in believing that the therapeutic goal is to completely expunge addiction from one’s life and the person must never use that substance again. The harm-reduction simply does not see addiction solely as a disease. Under this model, it is assumed that addiction is rather a pattern of behaviors proposed by a combination of socio-cultural and psychological processes. It asserts that with psychological interventions the behavior of an individual can be modified and it ultimately helps them regain control over their…
Lydia Chakalos Professor J. Hughes English 120 16 October 2016 Rough Draft of Pro/ Con Essay The topic, addiction, is very stigmatized. In the article, “Addiction Is Not A Disease” By Gene M. Heyman, he takes the opposing side of Michael Craig Miller’s, “Addiction Is A Brain Disease”.…
Web. 19 Jan. 2016 Blaser, Larry. “Addiction.” The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Ed.…
As you may guess, these tactics were not successful in the attempt to reverse these behaviours. Our ancestors were uneducated in what addiction is, therefore unable to properly treat it. As the years progressed, the idea of mental illnesses continued to transform. As the 17th century rolled around, society believed addiction was an “impaired physical state self-inflicted through excess of passion” (Stein and Santos, 1998,…
Conclusion When a person chooses to take control of their addiction they have several types of therapy that may assist them. Two model of relapse approach this problem in different ways. Some similarities between them include, “that substance abuse is a learned behavior” (Stevens & Smith, pg. 271). One difference is that while one approached harm reduction from a “legal standpoint the cognitive behavioral looks at a lapse in recovery as a teaching moment” (Stevens & Smith, pg.…
Every year, a huge amount of money is used to pay for treatments, or even worse, to buy drugs. That’s why many scientists have conducted experiments and research in order to understand more about drug addiction, its causes, and how to get rid of it. Lauren Slater, in the chapter “Rat Park,” writes about some experiments made since the 1960s about drug addiction and the causes that lead to it. In these research studies, some argue that drug addiction is caused by the brain, others that drugs are inherently addictive.…
In October of 2002, The Psychiatric Times published the article “Addiction is a Choice” by Jeffrey A. Schaler, PhD. In the article he asserts that addiction as a disease is empirically unsupported by science, an addict can monitor and control his or her use, and the therapy used to treat such affliction only leads patients to believe that they cannot control their behavior because of the belief that they have a disease. He contends that the idea of addiction in not a disease, rather a choice, because it is merely foolish and self-destructive behavior. Schaler’s first point that science does not support the disease philosophy of addiction continues on to state that because of the lack of scientific backing, addiction is more a behavior and…
The underlying diagnoses of any psychological disorder are the symptoms and behavioral problem. This domain was the easiest to recognize among the other domains due to the severity of their problems. The criteria that I want to focus on that is in the DSM-5 is “Craving to use the substance is strong.” (textbook, 2015. 287) Kate has been sober for over nine months and still craves alcoholic beverages, its in her instinct to want what she cant have, she reminds herself of how great her life is right now and doesn’t want to start over again.…
Briefly describe and critically evaluate one or more models of addictive behaviour. Models of addictive behaviour aim to explain the initiation, maintenance and relapse of addictive behaviour. The Biological Model and The Cognitive Model are two that aim to do this. The biological model describes addiction as being a disease and enforces the idea that the addiction can’t be reversed even with treatment.…
This theory looks at addiction as damaging areas in the brain that are responsible for inhibition. Therefore, behaviours that are reinforced by the reward pathways such as taking drugs can not be overridden by the inhibitory parts of the brain, hence allowing the addictive behaviour to continue (Moss & Dyer, 2010). This seems to make a lot of inherent sense since our behaviour is regulated by our brain. If a important part of our brain that regulates self-control and inhibition gets damaged or loses some of its abilities, it would make sense that we would participate in reward-oriented, impulsive action like taking drugs or other addictive behaviours, that provide immediate benefits.…
Addiction is commonly used as an equivalent for dependence which, according to John Jung, is “the state in which the user no longer seems to be able to control his or her usage… a strong physiological or psychological need to use alcohol or drugs” (2001, p. 40). According to Dr. Marco Diana, a disease or pathology is “A derailment from normal functioning of a system/organ/cell (physiology), and ultimately of the whole organism” (2013, p. 1). From my limited understanding of neurobiology, psychology, and behavior, I have come to the conclusion that addiction, whether to alcohol or other drugs does not meet the requirements of a disease. I will examine some arguments from both sides to illustrate the complexity of the issue, and why I have come to this conclusion.…
How one interprets or react to their surrounding connection can determine the severity of addiction. The “psycho” or rather psychological part of the bio/psycho/social model take into consideration psychodynamic forces, learning, motivation, interpersonal interactions and one’s personality towards addiction abuse (Doweiko, 2015). During this process personality plays a major role in environment interaction, future interactions and the biochemical interaction of the brain. The theories of psychological addiction brings biological and social components all together. Within the psychological department of addiction morals, learning, coping, and personality defense shapes the impact of addiction.…
Research and technology have increased awareness of addiction processes work, with advanced achievement in the discovery and the mapping of neurotransmitters and hormones which strongly affect our feelings and inclinations. These new aspects of endocrine and nervous system function are key to the increased understanding of addiction. They have major roles in perception, cognition, and expression. But more importantly, they regulate and determine moods, emotions and motivations. Here is where addiction resides!…
Brain changes in addicts are not abnormal, and do not prove the brain disease theory which is the first argument that drug addiction is a choice and not a disease. The overall argument in this essay is whether…