Authority In The Odyssey

Improved Essays
Authority

In literature authority means power to influence to change reader's perception to recognize things differently and to create mythical debate around some special events, to embody unforgettable period of time in the heart of history, and to form a future canonical text for many coming generations and cultures. Greeks of the ancient and classical period look upon Homer as their greatest author, as well as his poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. They are epic, oral, poetic traditional poems which developed without the use of writing, the great scholars who developed the Library of Alexandria from the third through the second century B.C. laid the systematic groundwork for the texts of the Iliad and the Odyssey that we use today. “ The
…show more content…
Similarly, in the episode of Hector and Andromache, tone changed as the discussion between Hector and Andromache moved to evoke the emotional pitiable character of Andromache and Astyanax to the sense of duty and responsibility that hector holds towards Trojan people. But In the last episode the tone gets more irregular and complex of different feelings, By the entrance of Priam, Achilles who maltreated the Corps of Hector is moved by these memories of home and the feelings that he has for his own father. and agrees to accept Priam’s offer of exchange for Hector's body. The two men, Achilles and Priam, each having his own sorrow, weep together. Then Achilles even supervise the preparations of Hector’s body and also grants the Trojans a 12-day truce to conduct Hector’s funeral rites. On the other hand, Homer used the similes in all the Iliad effectively to describe brutality of war using bulk of natural imagery for example, “by the ships’ sterns both sides met in frantic battle. Just as keen winds sometimes whip up gusts of air, when dirt lies heavy on the road” and in different situation such “ Imbrius collapsed just as an ash tree growing on mountain …show more content…
Michael Longley was inspired by the Iliad in particular with the episode of Achilles and Priam, where he made it less specific than in the Iliad, in order to provide a minimal familiarity with the events of the Trojan War. in the first stanza Longley involves Hector to share 'sadness' with priam, gives the poem a sense of a single community, divided by a conflict in which everyone is a victim. Using the same theme of death, grief and empathy. The sense of a single community is continued in the second stanza as Achilles prepares the body of dead Hector for funeral rites. And in the third stanza, the two men are depicted not just as equals but more even 'as lovers'. In the last two lines of the poem, priam admits for the first time that, Hector was killed deliberately by the hand of Achilles, which he kisses in the second line to show forgiveness. Longley re-ordered the events of the episode, the event of the final couplet – in fact, was the first in the Iliad. The hut of Achilles was replaced by building in

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    The existence of a leader within the confines of a culture, a religion, an economy, a polity and a society conditions his/her approach towards leadership and is further informed by the historical and contemporary legends that one is made to grow up hearing. History is replete with examples of leadership that have defined the conception of leadership in our minds; the Illiad and the Odyssey refer to effective leadership qualities, so do all the hindu mythological books such as Mahabharat and Ramayana, philosophical interpretations of Plato and Confucius have expanded the understanding of leadership for generations and millenniums now. Among Muslims, Prophet Mohammad’s saga serves as an exemplar of effective leadership. Thus, it could be said…

    • 140 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Using intertext, Catullus refers to Homer’s The Iliad using descriptors such as ‘free from fear’, ‘swift’ and valiant’ to create the expectation that Achilles will be depicted as a glorious hero. However this is undermined by violent imagery which emphasises visual elements such as blood, death and fire. In traditional Roman literary descriptions of warfare, extending pity or clemency towards the defeated was seen as virtuous, but this is subverted by Achilles’ ruthless actions (Hope, V.M. 2007). This subversion of traditional expectations is continued through a simile where he is likened to a reaper cutting down Trojans without mercy.…

    • 525 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    It is in David Malouf 's fictional novel “Ransom” where you will experience the emotions felt during a great tragedy and mourning experienced by two families who are more alike then they 'd expect. Malouf has recreated the epic tale of the Trojan war during the last section of Homer’s Iliad, through his poetic and creative style of writing, the author successfully sets the mood of the tale. Achilles, one of the greatest warriors of the Greeks finds himself in a downward spiral as the death of Patroclus is beyond devastating and tries to find comfort in avenging his friend by killing Hector, but still consumed by grief, finds little ease in dragging the motionless body at the back of his chariot around the walls of Troy for all of Hector 's…

    • 1080 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In the poem it shows us how his dear friend Patroclus dies which leaves Achilles to undergo a dramatic change throughout the book. At the end Achilles had put aside his childish ways and became a man to fulfill his duties as a fellow warrior. Achilles character be redeemable or fatal? In The Iliad, Hector’s…

    • 622 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    “I will pursue Hector who has slain him whom I loved so dearly” (Homer). Were these the words of a heartbroken wife? Or a mistress? No, these were the words of Achilles, the protagonist of the Iliad and the hero of the Trojan War. Achilles is one of the oldest and well-known characters of all time.…

    • 1500 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Held as high up as justice and mercy, for Cyrus is the virtues of moderation and prudence. Moderation is the ability to control the passions and desires of one; and, prudence is the use of reason to direct and discipline oneself. Moderation and prudence go hand in hand as to be moderate one must have prudence. However, prudence and moderation was something that Cyrus had to learn on his own, learning that the ways of the Persians and the Medes reached each extreme, which he realized neither was good. Persia prides themselves of continence or having no desires thus no acting on any form of pleasure, and the Medes overindulgence in things of pleasure.…

    • 1409 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    He spares no one and continues to display inhuman characteristics through his lack of compassion for anyone and everyone (Il. 20.482-483 and 21.103-104). Eventually the battle ends with the inevitable death of Hector. Hector’s body needs to be returned to the Trojans, as there are many people who will mourn Hector (Il. 22.60-61). However, Achilles refuses his dying wish to return his body and Hector utters some of his final words to “Your heart is a lump of iron…’” (Il. 22.396-397).…

    • 1275 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Some even dare to call Achilles an animal and an outrageous man after he drags Hector’s dead body around the city of Troy, while others tend to call him compassionate after his meeting with King Priam. Even with mixed views and opinions towards Achilles, by the end of the poem Homer make readers feel empathy towards the character because of the enormous sorrow that is placed on Achilles throughout the entire poem conveyed using his mother. In the beginning of the poem, Homer leads readers to feel empathic towards Achilles when Agamemnon takes Briseis away from Achilles. Homer sets a very gloomy and depressing tone when…

    • 1173 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Role Of Honor In The Iliad

    • 1105 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Homer uses Achilles’ discussion with Patroclus in The Iliad to ridicule fighting for honor; by equating Achilles’ grudge against Agamemnon with the larger purpose of the Trojan War, Homer casts war, glory, and honor in a light that both exposes their vacuity and proves their uselessness. Homer parallels the Achaeans’ conflict against the Trojans to win back Helen to Achilles’ struggle with Agamemnon over Briseis to argue that the reasons for war often do not justify the act itself. The Iliad opens by simultaneously presenting the contention between Agamemnon and Achilles alongside the slow conclusion of the Trojan War, drawing clear parallels between the two clashes. Just as…

    • 1105 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    There is a level of guilt that Achilles has towards Patroclus’ death, due to the fact that he was killed because of his absence on the field of battle. It is Patroclus’ death that finally spurs Achilles into decisive action, to re-join the fight and avenge Patroclus by killing Hector that will result in Achilles’ early death. This is, however, Achilles’ free choice influenced by grief induced by an exterior event that he had little control over. Patroclus’ death is rather the result of Patroclus’ own pride as well as Achilles’ indecisiveness. It is evident by Achilles’ reactions from his choice to avenge Patroclus to his harsh treatment of Hector’s corpse, that Achilles does not wish to live a life that Patroclus is not a part of.…

    • 1187 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Alexia Delapaz English 2332-877 Professor Brooks 28 September 2017 The Revenge Back to Hector (Preparing a body for funeral rites/burial (See Hector’s rites of fire and burial in Book 24.) Through the time of The Iliad, there were certain wreckages that provoked to the deaths and led to the burials that occurred under the oath of the gods. In The Iliad, Achilles' handling destruction of Hector is self-destructive through physical actions.…

    • 1549 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    After reading The Odyssey, many students today question their teachers: “Why did we read that?” and “How will this help me?” The answer to those questions are of the very conspicuous topics, silently covered by the book. One of which is the wise advice of considering other’s opinions and suggestions, and the next is the subject of the long journey and how it is still very substantial in today’s book and movies. In Robert Fagles’ translation of Homer’s epic poem, The Odyssey, the themes of humbleness and considering other people’s suggestions, along with the relevance of the long journey in today’s society help to show why The Odyssey remains a literary cornerstone in today’s classrooms.…

    • 864 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    From the very beginning of Homer's the Iliad, Achilles is depicted as vindictive, prideful, and trifling. As the book advances, the picture of Achilles as a resentful youngster is improved significantly. Towards the end of the epic, Achilles displays qualities that are viewed as courageous even in today's time. When his reliable and trusted companion Patroclus passes on, Achilles experiences an extreme change in character. When he goes up against the genuine repulsiveness of death, Achilles sets aside his juvenile approaches to satisfy his obligation to his companion, his countrymen, and his inner voice.…

    • 1125 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    In the epic poem, the Iliad written by Homer, several characters taking part in the warfare between the Achaeans and the Trojans are portrayed as embodying the heroic code of courage, physical strength, leadership, arete of value of honour, and the acceptance of fate. The heroic code is illustrated by the actions of the Trojan prince, Hector and the Achaeans strongest warrior, Achilles. Both of these characters display the Greek’s image of a hero, and can also let the reader discern what the society admires, looks up to and aspires to in its heroes. There are also characters who fail to be heroic, such as the Trojan “vivid and beautiful” prince, Paris. These characters in the Iliad illustrate the qualities that Ancient Greek society values.…

    • 1570 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Here we see an Achilles who is torn between his fear of death and his desire for glory. Despite his thirst for fighting, Homer shows us a small glimpses of Achilles’ humanity through this scene in the Iliad. His emotions grow as we see that Patroclus’ death weighs on Achilles and he feels pain like he’s never experienced. He even blames himself for his friend’s death saying, “my dearest friend of all. I loved him, and I killed him.”…

    • 1018 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays