During and after slavery, most American whites regarded interracial marriage between whites and blacks as a negative. However, during slavery, many white American men and women did conceive children with black partners. These children automatically became slaves if the mother was a slave. They were born free if the mother was free, as slavery was based on descent of the mother or matrilineal. This in contrast of a newborn who takes the father's last name or patrilineal. Some children were freed by their slave-holding fathers or bought to be emancipated if the father was not the owner. Many children of these unions formed enclaves under names such as Colored or Mulatto. Most mixed-raced descendants merged into the African-American …show more content…
S. history, there has been frequent mixing between Native Americans and Africans. When Native Americans invaded the European colony of Jamestown, Virginia in 1622, they killed the Europeans but took the African slaves as captives and gradually integrated them into their tribes. This process would continue throughout the European and Native American war. With the continuous wars with the Europeans, there became a shortage of Native American men. Native American women turned to freed or runaway African men. The African men would marry into the tribes and be accepted. Children born from the union would follow the matrilineal status of the mother as free. As European expansion increased in the Southeast, African and Native American marriages became more …show more content…
Members of the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, and Seminole) participated in enslaving Africans, and some Africans went with them to the West on the Trail of Tears. The Trail of Tears was the forced migration of Native Americans from their ancestral lands in Southeastern U. S. to west of the Mississippi River during the 1830s and 1840s .Reservations were reestablished in the new territory of today's Oklahoma based on an allotment