Perfusion

Positron emission tomography (PET): is an anatomically based measurement that utilizes small radioactive tracers that are able to identify and determine glucose and metabolic levels within the organs of the body. This type of tomography could be used in a concussion assessment to determine the metabolic activities and glucose levels of the brain, as these levels are important and often become altered following a concussion. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): is an anatomically…

Case Study 5 – AB As discussed in case 3, septic shock results from widespread inflammation and vasodilation in response to an infection. Norepinephrine is useful in septic shock because it increases afterload to maintain adequate tissue perfusion (De Becker et al., 2012). Dobutamine is an inotropic drug used in septic shock as it stimulates myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors thus increasing cardiac output by increasing contractility and heart rate (Dellinger et al., 2013; Enrico et al.,…

and was warm to the touch. The patient had skin turgor that retracted quickly and the patient also had generalized plus 1 edema. The patient was on 2 L/min of oxygen through a nasal cannula, indication of the patient not having adequate tissue perfusion. The generalized edema is an indication of right sided heart failure and the retention of fluid. The patient’s pulses such as brachial, radial, popliteal, and dorsalis pedis were present. Patient’s peripheral pulses present is an indication that…

“I realized that if I had to choose, I would rather have birds than airplanes. In wilderness I sense the miracle of life, and behind it our scientific accomplishments fade to trivia. Real freedom lies in wildness, not in civilization” (Charles Lindbergh). Lindbergh was an aviator and medical practitioner of the early 1900s. Aside his fame for flying, he was nothing more than an ordinary man. Failing as an engineer, he turned to planes he once worked around. Starting out as an airmail pilot,…

Normal Anatomy and Physiology Blood is one of the components that make up the circulatory system in the human body. Blood functions as a transport system for oxygen and nutrients with other systems dependent on it for oxygen perfusion and removal of waste materials. Blood has different components predominantly red blood cells (RBC also known as erythrocytes, “are the largest portion of blood cells” ranging between “4,200,000 – 6,100,000/mm3” and depended on age and gender in the body of a…

Understanding oxygen supply and demand while working in the health care field is essential. The tissue cell mitochondria need to have adequate oxygen for metabolic consumption and ATP production. There are limited means of oxygen storage in the tissues; as such a continuous supply of oxygen is required. The respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to make sure oxygen is delivered throughout the body, and that these continuous requirements are met. Exploring the main role of the…

ischaemia, tamponade and acute MI. He is tachycardic, having mild pulmonary oedema, RG is diagnosed to have cardiogenic shock because he had shown the pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock. He had shown decrease in cardiac output and low organ perfusion. Decrease in cardiac output will subsequently…

determine the patients' ventricular function prior to giving fluid to know the baseline capacity and how much fluid can you give. Physical signs should also be considered in determining hypovolemia. A cold and clammy skin would indicate poor peripheral perfusion secondary to inadequate blood volume. Tachycardia will be expected to compensate for the lowering blood pressure with a narrowing pulse pressure. A decrease in urine output would also be…

Furthermore, high-velocity perfusion due to minimal dilatation of the terminal segments of the spiral arteries leads to hydrodynamic stress in the intervillous space. This placenta stress stimulates the release of a number of factors derived from the trophoblast, and these factors, in turn, contribute to the widespread multisystemic maternal inflammatory response observed in preeclampsia (Tjoa, Levine and Karumanchi, 2007). Such placental-derived factors comprise of the anti-angiogenic proteins,…

Categories of function or problems Normal Function • Functioning Nerves and innervation from brain to organs to sense pH changes • Functioning Renal System • Functioning Respiratory System • Functioning buffering system • Concepts o Perfusion o Oxygenation o Elimination o Nutrition o Fluid and electrolyte balance Problems • Metabolic Acidosis: caused by loss of bicarbonate or too much acid in the body • Metabolic Alkalosis: caused by increase in bicarbonate or loss of acid in the body…