Hypovolemia

to the kidneys, while intrinsic causes are attributed to physical damage within the kidney, and postrenal cause an obstruction in fluid flow from the kidneys through the ureters, bladder, or even urethra. Some different prerenal causes include hypovolemia as a result of hemorrhage, dehydration, excessive loss of gastrointestinal fluids due to vomiting or diarrhea, or excessive loss of fluid due to a burn injury, decreased vascular filling because of anaphylactic or septic shocks, heart failure…

membranes for petechiae, note bleeding gums, frank or occult blood in stools and urine. Monitor BP for orthostatic changes. Evaluate skin turgor, capillary refill, and general condition of mucous membranes. Changes may reflect effects of hypovolemia due to bleeding. Febrile states decrease body fluids by perspiration and increased respiration. Suppression of bone marrow and platelet production places patient at risk for spontaneous or uncontrolled bleeding this can lead to…

Examples would be hypovolemia, shock, blood loss, or sepsis. Intrarenal is when actual damage to the nephrons take place. Examples would be infections, ischemia, blockages, or nephrotoxic agents. Postrenal is caused by conditions that cause an obstruction to urine flow or problems…

Burns: The Anatomic Effects Burns have a very dramatic effect on the body. Even the slightest of burns causes profound events to occur that most of us are completely unaware of. We know that they hurt, but in minor cases, such as slight sunburns or scalds, we never stop and think about what is happening to the largest organ of the human body. To gain a better understanding of what happens to the skin in the case of a burn, we must look at the depth of the injury. The skin is the human body’s…

Sepsis is defined as the manifestation of the systemic inflammatory response to an infectious agent(Chulay&Burns, 2010). Sepsis is a complex condition that is often life threatening. It is characterized by hematological derangements and a profound inflammatory response to an infection or injury. Sepsis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the trauma patient. Sepsis following traumatic injury is related to the type of injury, together with the extent of injury and the anatomical…

Rhabdomyolysis is a severe syndrome caused by a direct or indirect skeletal muscle injury. The damage sustained results in the muscle fibres releasing myoglobin, creatine kinase, potassium and other proteins and ions into the bloodstream [1]. The breakdown products produced by myoglobin can results in kidney damage and the high levels of blood potassium can result in cardiac arrest. Severe muscle trauma can also cause damage and leakage of blood vessels, resulting in an increased level of…

Weekly Self S.O.A.P - A. S- Discuss your SUBJECTIVE feelings for this week. This week I was assigned to be in the ICU. To say that I expected to be busy is an understatement. I knew to expect critically ill patients and to see them at their worse with different types of lines and tubes coming out of their bodies. The fragile state in which these patients find themselves was hard for me to see, it was actually a bit overwhelming the first day. The second day was slightly easier, at first.…

will take daily measurements of the patient’s weight with the same scale at the same time each day to detect weight gain or weight loss of body fluid. In addition, the nurse will continue to assess for common signs and symptoms of hypervolemia or hypovolemia, potassium and sodium disturbances, and other electrolyte imbalances…

Nurse Home Visit Assessment and Education for Sallie Mae Fisher Sallie Mae Fisher, a recently widowed 82-year-old female, was discharged from the hospital last Saturday after a three day stay related symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF) exacerbation, including dyspnea, chest pain, and a weight gain of 8 pounds. This was Sallie’s fourth hospitalized in the past six months for the same diagnosis. Her other history includes hypertension and atrial fibrillation (AF). This paper will explore…

bicarbonate, plasma osmolality , serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose, urine osmolality, serum uric acid, serum cortisol and thyroid-stimulating hormone. The patient’s volume should be assessed clinically to help rule out the presence of hypovolemia” (p.1). Further diagnostic imaging study to find the neurologic status like chest radiography to rule out pulmonary edema, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the head to for finding of cerebral edema is helpful.…