Hypovolemia

Some of these conditions include cardiogenic shock, hyperkalemia, hypovolemia, sepsis, exogenous intoxication. We can differently diagnose by examining the patients’ medical history and the existence of associated disorders [3]. If the adrenal gland is enlarged and calcified on an abdominal CT then adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD)…

Water is essential in keeping the body in balance. There are two significant compartments of the body that exchange fluids and electrolytes to maintain homeostasis, which are intracellular and extracellular. These two spaces continually interchange electrolytes, particles, and water to sustain the same pressure. (PP chap42 pg935) This paper will describe three machinimas that assists in maintaining homeostasis, four main categories of IV therapy, and nursing consideration in relation to infusing…

The most reliable signs and symptoms in alert patients like P.D. are pain, tenderness, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hypovolemia and evidence of peritoneal irritation. Priorities for the patient with actual or suspected trauma taken from abdominal trauma: Dealing with the damage (Blank-Reid 2007). Maintain ABCs – Patient is speaking, so airway is patent. No evidence of breathing…

size smaller in case of laryngeal edema and with two sets of each size in case one becomes blocked by clots. Rapid sequence induction and intubation (RSII) with cricoid pressure and a low dose of the induction agent are considered in patients with hypovolemia. Use of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is reported to be successful in post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage after initial ETT attempts fail.15,16 By using LMA-ProsealTM as a channel to guide a flexible bronchoscope in to locate the trachea, then…

unable to maintain a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) despite a compensatory response leading to a decreased filtration rate and pressure (McCance & Huether, 2014). Examples of prerenal injury are renal artery thrombosis or hypotension secondary to hypovolemia caused by dehydration or hemorrhage in addition to shock either septic or cardiogenic (McCance &Huether, 2014). There the possibility…

Overview of The Myocyte The myocyte is composed of various protein filaments that comprise the contractile apparatus of the cardiac cell. Myofibrils, a collection of individual sarcomeres, enable contraction and relaxation of the myocyte. The sarcomere is the chief contractile unit of the cell. It is made up of two main proteins, myosin (thick filament) and actin (thin filament), as well as two regulatory proteins, tropomyosin and troponin. In order for the myocyte to contract and shorten it…

Acute Kidney Injury Case Study 1. AKI can be prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal. Prerenal is a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys and this leads to a decrease in glomerulus perfusion and filtration. During prerenal, Azotemia occurs and is the accumulation of nitrogenous waste in the blood. This results in a reduction in sodium excretion, increased sodium and water retention, and decreased urine output. Intrarenal has direct damage to the kidney. Nephrotoxins can cause structures to…

The pathophysiologic changes that occurs in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis involve a shift in the intracellular and extracellular levels. It usually happens in patient with Type I diabetes. At the beginning there is an insufficient supply of insulin circulating which will lead to a higher glucose levels that cause osmotic diuresis. As a result, glucose is permeable to the glomerular filtration (glycosuria) and is excreted in the urine. Furthermore, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and…

Rhabdomyolysis is a severe syndrome caused by a direct or indirect skeletal muscle injury. The damage sustained results in the muscle fibres releasing calcium, creatine, potassium and other proteins and ions into the bloodstream [1]. High levels of blood potassium, known as hyperkalemia, can result in kidney failure and cardiac arrest. Severe muscle trauma can also cause damage and leakage of blood vessels, resulting in an increased level of pressure within the muscle compartments [2]. This…

Many patients have multiple diagnoses when they are admitted in the hospital care setting. My particular patient eight different diagnoses so I had multiple options to choose from to write this paper about. I decided to select hyponatremia because I know electrolyte imbalance is a very common issue. The Understanding Pathology textbook by Sue E. Heuther and Kathryn L. McCane state that hyponatremia is a sodium deficit or a serum sodium level that is less than 135 mEq/L. This in turn leads to…