Acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a decrease in kidney function occurring in the glomerular filtration ability of the kidney causing an increase in nitrogenous waste in the blood and in turn increasing the creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels (McCance & Huether, 2014). Other findings associated with AKI include, a decrease in urinary output and also accumulation of metabolic acids, and increased potassium and phosphate concentrations (Bellomo, Kellum & Ronco, 2012). The AKI is classified as prerenal, intrarenal and postrenal. Prerenal acute kidney injuries are common and are often the result of a reduction in the blood volume leading to hypoperfusion of the kidneys. With extended time in a hypovolemic state the kidneys are unable to maintain a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) despite a compensatory response leading to a decreased filtration rate and pressure (McCance & Huether, 2014). Examples of prerenal injury are renal artery thrombosis or hypotension secondary to hypovolemia caused by dehydration or hemorrhage in addition to shock either septic or cardiogenic (McCance &Huether, 2014). There the possibility…

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY – Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is currently recognized as the preferred nomenclature for the clinical disorder formerly called Acute Renal Failure(ARF).This transition in terminology was meant to emphasize that the spectrum of the disease is much broader than a subset of patients who experience failure and require dialysis support .This nomenclature explains that renal failure occur as a continuum 1. AKIN recently defined AKI as “ functional or structural abnormalities or…

Acute Kidney Injury Case Study 1. AKI can be prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal. Prerenal is a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys and this leads to a decrease in glomerulus perfusion and filtration. During prerenal, Azotemia occurs and is the accumulation of nitrogenous waste in the blood. This results in a reduction in sodium excretion, increased sodium and water retention, and decreased urine output. Intrarenal has direct damage to the kidney. Nephrotoxins can cause structures to…

The speaker for laboratory’s role in acute kidney injury risk assessment was Denise Geiger, PhD, DLM (ASCP).The objective is to describe the laboratory’s role in acute kidney injury risk assessment, gain insight on how new biomarkers can improve clinical decisions and provide high value patient outcomes, and examine clinical research and applications of novel biomarkers for the assessment of AKI. The speaker was very detailed about this topic, but I only had what I can recall. I decided to go to…

diagnosis of acute kidney injury. The patient was a very nice individual, which I enjoyed my time with him. He would make a couple of jokes here and there; he would make me laugh. The patient had been there for seven days and was now being discharged. When the nurse told him that he was being discharged he got very excited as he didn’t know that he was finally being discharged. Knowing that he was going to be discharged, it was important to get him cleaned up and make him comfortable as waited…

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) occurs when there is a sudden loss of renal function resulting in the bodies inability to maintain homeostasis. AKI is common in clients who are in the hospital, in intensive care units, and especially in older adults (“Acute Kidney Injury” (AKI), 2017). The following is an evolving case study regarding a client who presented to the emergency department after experiencing nausea, vomiting and diarrhea for the past week. This evolving case study will evaluate the…

1. What factors predisposed Mr. W. to acute kidney injury? Some of the factors that caused Mr. W’s acute kidney injury are fever of 38.5° C, severe abdominal pain & nausea due to pancreatic inflammation with intra-abdominal ascites. One of the symptoms of ascites is infection which can cause kidney failure if not treated (ACG, 2013). Two different CT scan with contrast media performed can result to contrast-induced nephropathy due to preexisting decline in renal function. CIN can be defined as…

5. Describe the medical and nursing management of a patient with acute renal failure. Include discussion of fluid administration, treatment of common electrolyte imbalances, and dialysis. The nurse plays important role in managing fluid and electrolyte balance during an incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). The nurse will assess and take objective data by observing and recording accurate intake and output. Also, the nurse will take daily measurements of the patient’s weight with the same…

recent travel or sick contacts or eating outside food. Patient was a known case of Crohn’s diagnosed at an outside hospital –the outside hospital was contacted and the information was confirmed. Patient was recently started on infliximab for Crohn’s disease and he reported improvement of his Crohn’s symptoms. Patient admitted cannabis use and smokes around 2-3 joints /day. On presentation patient had stable vitals with no fever. Physical exam was unremarkable with soft abdomen. His labs were…

Define chronic illness I think I have a good understanding about what chronic illness is and how it differs from acute illness. Acute illness and chronic illness are different types of illnesses so they are not managed in the same way. Acute illnesses are those that have a shorter duration and will resolve with time and treatment within a few months so the focus is on treatment how to get rid of the illness. Chronic illnesses on the other hand, have a longer duration and may even be lifelong…