Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Formal representation |
A formal representation of a place is something that has been collected through terms of data theirfore being accurate. - Census data - Crime Figures - Total rainfall |
|
|
Informal representation |
An informal representation of place is when something shown but has a high chance of being inaccurate due to bias and opinions - Graffiti - Film - Photography |
|
|
TNC’s (Transnational Corporation) |
A TNC is a Very large company with factories and offices in more than one country, which markets products and services worldwide |
|
|
Where is Lympstone Located |
East Devon |
|
|
What is the main ethnic group in Lympstone |
White British - 98.9% |
|
|
What is evidence of Lympstone being Rural |
- average age is 52, median age is 58 - one train station, only 8 people travel to work by train - mostly greenery - 1 primary school - 1 person uses bus to get to work |
|
|
Social inequality |
- The unequal distribution of factors such as income, education or health across a population |
|
|
Quality of Life |
The extent to which people’s needs and desires are met |
|
|
Standard of living |
The ability to access services and goods, including the basics such as food, clothes and water..... |
|
|
What are significant factors in deterring standard of living and quality of life |
Income and wealth |
|
|
Deprivation Cycle |
1) Poor Education (old schools) 2) poor skills (poor occupation skills) 3) poverty (low wages and unemployment) 4) poor living conditions (run down area) 5) ill health (stress and strain) |
|
|
How is Deprivation/social inequality measured |
- Healthcare (access to healthcare and ill health) - Wealth (Amount of disposable income) - Education (Contrasts In Literacy levels) - Housing (type/quality of housing one owns) - Employment ( wages or unemployment) - Income (Purchase Power Parity, $1.25/day) |
|
|
Where is Deprivation most common in the UK and why |
North and East of the Thames - This could be due to these areas being dominated by economic/innovative migrants who are prepared to work for low income - in the industrial period wind would blow the smoke from factories in the north and east direction, the wealthy moved in the south and west direct behind the factories to get away from the smoke creating an economic divide |
|
|
Inequalities between North and South Kensington (North is most deprived, South is least deprived,KnightsBridge) |
- Average income can be 10x larger than the north in the south -Life expectancy In south is 94 compared to 72 in north - south has 0% Health Deprivation, North has 65% |
|
|
Periphery Model |
AC’s take resources from LIDC’s then manufacture it into goods then sold back to LIDC’s for more |
|
|
What factors influenced Lympstones place profile |
Fishing influenced the place profile (Natural process fishin industry) |
|
|
How does the Human Development Index measure inequality |
The HDI consists of literacy rate, GDP and life expectancy rate, countries low in these areas can be seen as deprived/poor |
|
|
How does the Human Development Index measure inequality |
The HDI consists of literacy rate, GDP and life expectancy rate, countries low in these areas can be seen as deprived/poor |
|
|
What does the GINI Coefficient measure |
It measures inequalities between people in countries |
|
|
Reason for big differences in Deprivation (eg Kensington) |
Lack of government funding in the north (health, housing and schools) |
|
|
One way social inequality could be reduced |
Encourage and promote the importance of education |
|
|
One piece of evidence the government is increasing social inequality through education policy |
Evidence is how private schools get better education |
|
|
One piece of evidence the government is increasing social inequality through education policy |
Evidence is how private schools get better education |
|
|
One piece of evidence the government is trying to decrease social inequality through taxation |
Evidence is the progressive tax system, the more money you earn the more tax you pay |
|
|
One piece of evidence the government is increasing social inequality through education policy |
Evidence is how private schools get better education |
|
|
One piece of evidence the government is trying to decrease social inequality through taxation |
Evidence is the progressive tax system, the more money you earn the more tax you pay |
|
|
One piece of evidence that through law the government is trying to reduce social inequality |
Evidence is through minimum wage |
|
|
One piece of evidence the government is increasing social inequality through education policy |
Evidence is how private schools get better education |
|
|
One piece of evidence the government is trying to decrease social inequality through taxation |
Evidence is the progressive tax system, the more money you earn the more tax you pay |
|
|
One piece of evidence that through law the government is trying to reduce social inequality |
Evidence is through minimum wage |
|
|
One piece of evidence that through healthcare the government is increasing social inequality |
Evidence is privating the NHS |
|
|
Define structural Economic Change |
Stuctural economic change is a change in job type that an economy goes through(e.g deindustrialisation is a shift from secondary to tertiary) |
|
|
The impact of Global shift in manufacturing on people/places in ACs |
Positive: • ACs are able to get cheap labour, LIDC’s/EDCs work for a low price •The economy is increasing as they have increased profits Negative. • They have to import things as it’s produced elsewhere. • Loss of Jobs for older males. • Deriliction |
|
|
The impact of Global shift in manufacturing on people/places in ACs |
Positive: • ACs are able to get cheap labour, LIDC’s/EDCs work for a low price(cheaper products) •The economy is increasing as they have increased profits Negative. • They have to import things as it’s produced elsewhere. • Loss of Jobs for older males. • Deriliction |
|
|
The impact of global shift in manufacturing on people/places in EDCs and LIDCs |
Positive: - people have a good source of income as ACs are hiring - the economy is increasing (positive multiplier effect, earn more & spend more) - trade links are established Negative - although they have a reliable source of income, they still have long hours for a low pay (exploitation) - air pollution - economic leakage ( profit doesn’t stay in the country where products were produced) |
|
|
Named example of structural economic change |
Ebbw Vale |
|
|
Named example of structural economic change |
Ebbw Vale |
|
|
Define Boom |
A boom is a period of rapid economic expansion resulting in higher GDP and lower unemployment rates |
|
|
Named example of structural economic change |
Ebbw Vale |
|
|
Define Boom |
A boom is a period of rapid economic expansion resulting in higher GDP and lower unemployment rates |
|
|
Define recession |
A recession is a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy usually lasting a few months (Visible in real GDP, real income, employment...) |
|
|
Named example of structural economic change |
Ebbw Vale |
|
|
Define Boom |
A boom is a period of rapid economic expansion resulting in higher GDP and lower unemployment rates |
|
|
Define recession |
A recession is a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy usually lasting a few months (Visible in real GDP, real income, employment...) |
|
|
Impacts of a Boom |
- investors & well paid middle class people benefit as profit increases - tertiary/quaternary sector workers who are educated gain from technological innovation - less skilled may lose jobs as technology replaces them (eg. Self service) - less skilled may gain employment as more secondary goods are produced |
|
|
Named example of structural economic change |
Ebbw Vale |
|
|
Define Boom |
A boom is a period of rapid economic expansion resulting in higher GDP and lower unemployment rates |
|
|
Define recession |
A recession is a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy usually lasting a few months (Visible in real GDP, real income, employment...) |
|
|
Impacts of a Boom |
- investors & well paid middle class people benefit as profit increases - tertiary/quaternary sector workers who are educated gain from technological innovation - less skilled may lose jobs as technology replaces them (eg. Self service) - less skilled may gain employment as more secondary goods are produced |
|
|
Impacts of recession |
- less skilled secondary workers lose jobs as demand falls - less skilled can’t adapt and find real jobs easily due to limited training/qualifications (ebbw vale) - more educated have transferable skills to adapt to a new job - more educated have savings to support them |
|
|
3 examples of public players and private players |
Public players: The Eu, Southwark council, A local community Private Players: McDonald’s, Nike, self-employed interior designer |
|
|
Impacts of structural economic change |
- 1 in 5 unemployed. - poor image of workers due to strikes. - poor quality housing. - high levels of air and water pollution. - factories are old in small sites in inner city. - cheaper to manufacture abroad do the workers skills are redundant |
|
|
One advantage of being a 24 hour city |
One advantage is services are accessible, more people working longer means increased economic activity |
|
|
How is the government involved in place makig |
Government funding, deprived places with little funding |
|
|
How is the government involved in place makig |
Government funding, deprived places with little funding |
|
|
How are architects involved in place making |
Architects design buildings, modern buildings makes a place seem more advanced |
|
|
What is placemaking |
Placemaking is a multi-faceted approach to the planning, design and management of public spaces |
|
|
An economic impact of redevelopment |
More tertiary jobs but loss of even more secondary, unemployment rose |
|
|
Define Forein Direct Investment (FDI) |
Is the inward investment by a foreign company (large TNC) in a country |
|
|
Why does the government want to promote FDI |
They can gain a new source of income also FDI’s mean more services could be built to attract more people |
|
|
How does the government attract FDI |
- Cheaper rent - enterprise zones, areas of low tax (cut red tape, to speed up process) |
|
|
What is Gentrification |
When low income parts of an AC are taken over by higher income groups leading to the area being refurbished (Canada Water elephant castle) |
|
|
What is Gentrification |
When low income parts of an AC are taken over by higher income groups leading to the area being refurbished (Canada Water elephant castle) |
|
|
Define Brand |
A places brand is the popular image that a place has acquired and by which it is generally recognised for |
|
|
Rebranding |
The developments aimed at changing negative perceptions of a place making it more attractive to investment |
|
|
Rebranding |
The developments aimed at changing negative perceptions of a place making it more attractive to investment |
|
|
Regeneration |
The investment of capital and ideas into an area revitalise and renew its socio-economic and environmental conditions |
|
|
Rebranding |
The developments aimed at changing negative perceptions of a place making it more attractive to investment |
|
|
Regeneration |
The investment of capital and ideas into an area revitalise and renew its socio-economic and environmental conditions |
|
|
Reimaging |
Developments associated with rebranding and usually involving cultural, artistic or sporting elements |
