World History Veritas Ch. 15 Age Of Reason

Front 1

Copernicus

Back 1

Polish; Heliocentric theory

Front 2

Paracelsus

Back 2

Swiss; First clinical study of disease; use of chemicals to treat disease; stated human body is made up of chemicals so you should treat disease with chemicals

Front 3

Mercator

Back 3

Flemish; Map projection; famous for book of history from creation including maps - called it Atlas

Front 4

Galileo

Back 4

Italian; Law of the pendulum; improved telescope; confirmed the heliocentric theory

Front 5

Harvey

Back 5

English; Father of Experimental Biology; discovered the heart pumps blood

Front 6

Boyle

Back 6

Irish; Law of inverse gas pressure

Front 7

Leeuwenhoek

Back 7

Dutch; Improved microscope; discovered microbes and bacteria

Front 8

Newton

Back 8

English; Division of light; reflecting telescope; calculus; laws of gravity (Principia)

Front 9

Priestley

Back 9

English; Discovered ammonia, oxygen, carbon dioxide

Front 10

Lavoisier

Back 10

French; father of Modern Chemistry; logical names for chemicals; law of conservation of matter

Front 11

Jenner

Back 11

English; Smallpox vaccination

Front 12

Age of Reason

Back 12

The 17th and 18th centuries; an era that emphasized the power of human reasoning

Front 13

scientific method

Back 13

A pattern of thinking that scientists use when seeking answers to their questions about the physical universe

Front 14

scientific revolution

Back 14

A period from the Renaissance to the 18th century when scientific inquiry and achievement advanced rapidly

Front 15

heliocentric theory

Back 15

Theory that the earth orbits the sun; promoted by Capernicus

Front 16

"But it does move!"

Back 16

Legend has it that Galileo muttered this after he recanted the heliocentric theory for the Roman Catholic Inquisition

Front 17

Enlightenment

Back 17

18th century intellectual movement that looked to reason as the solution for all of life's problems

Front 18

inductive method

Back 18

Reasoning from specific cases to a general conclusion

Front 19

Francis Bacon

Back 19

English; One of the leading advocates of the inductive method of reasoning; wrote Novum Organum

Front 20

deductive method

Back 20

Reasoning from the general to the specific

Front 21

Louis XIII

Back 21

French king who introduced the wearing of wigs because he was bald

Front 22

Rene Descartes

Back 22

French; philosopher and mathematician who relied on reason aided by the methods of mathematics; proponent of deductive reasoning

Front 23

"I doubt, therefore I think; I think, therefore I am."

Back 23

Rene Descartes

Front 24

dualism

Back 24

Philosophical system in which there are two types of reality - spiritual and physical

Front 25

John Locke

Back 25

English philosopher; supported the philosophy of empiricism - the idea that knowledge comes through experience; government is based on the consent of the people

Front 26

Rousseau

Back 26

a philosophe who favored emotion and sentiment above reason; called the Father of Romanticism; his slogan was "back to nature"; government should carry out the will of the majority

Front 27

John Wesley

Back 27

one of the best known preachers of the spiritual awakening in England and the American colonies

Front 28

Jonathan Edwards

Back 28

brilliant preacher during the Great Awakening in the American colonies; famous for sermons emphasizing the doctrine of justification by faith; most famous sermon ever preached "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Front 29

El Greco

Back 29

a Greek who settled in Spain, an outstanding painter in the mannerism style; his figures have elongated bodies and limbs and a mystical atmosphere

Front 30

Rembrandt

Back 30

perhaps the greatest Dutch painter of all time; painted in the Baroque style; paintings are usually filled with gold tones and warm browns; contrasted light and dark (known as the chiaroscuro effect)

Front 31

Claudio Monterverdi

Back 31

one of the leading composers of Italian baroque music; especially famous for his operas

Front 32

George Frederick Handel

Back 32

German immigrant to England; famous for his oratorios; best known oratorio - Messiah

Front 33

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Back 33

Austrian, musical genius; versatile composer and excelled in many different types of musical compositions; famous for piano and violin compositions; famous for symphonies

Front 34

Moliere

Back 34

playwright best remembered for his French comedies

Front 35

Alexander Pope

Back 35

foremost poetic satirist during the Age of Reason; master of verse; famous quotes "To err is human, to forgive is devine", and "A little learning is a dangerous thing"

Front 36

Jonathan Swift

Back 36

a popular English satirist during the Age of Reason; master of prose; his greatest work - Gulliver's Travels

Front 37

Daniel Defoe

Back 37

author of Robinson Crusoe; his works helped lead to the development of the modern novel

Front 38

Edward Gibbon

Back 38

English writer who wrote perhaps the most famous historical book of the 18th century - the six volume Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

Front 39

pantheism

Back 39

the belief that everything in the universe, whether it be spiritual or physical, i all part of one great substance called "God"; example - American Indians believed this

Front 40

empiricism

Back 40

the idea that all knowledge comes through experience (John Locke)

Front 41

philosophes

Back 41

the 18th century French writers and social critics

Front 42

deism

Back 42

belief in God as the First Cause; denies supernatural prophecy and miracles; teaches that man is born good; regards reason as the standard for truth

Front 43

Pietism

Back 43

17th and 18th century movement dedicated to spiritual renewal

Front 44

Great Awakening

Back 44

18th century religious revival in Britain's American colonies

Front 45

mannerism

Back 45

artistic style throughout much of the 16th century; characterized by distortions and exaggerations; example artist El Greco

Front 46

baroque

Back 46

period in art history from 1600 to about 1750; having a grand, dynamic, heroic, active, swirling, sensual, and emotional style

Front 47

rococo

Back 47

an artistic style that is characterized by refined elegance

Front 48

neoclassical

Back 48

18th century artistic style that imitated the classical ideals of ancien Greece and Rome; example Thomas Jefferson's home Monticello

Front 49

polyphony

Back 49

music in which several melody lines of equal importance are intertwined

Front 50

homophony

Back 50

music with one basic melody line and several supporting harmony parts

Front 51

oratorio

Back 51

musical composition for solo singers, chorus, and orchestra that tells a sacred story without the dramatic actin employed in operas

Front 52

rationalism

Back 52

the belief that reason is the only sure source of knowledge and truth

Front 53

Montesquieu

Back 53

French baron who concluded that the liberty of the English resulted from the separation of the three powers of government: the executive, the legislative, and the judicial