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54 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
recant
Renounce one's beliefs
sola fide
Justification by faith alone; Reformation doctrine that a person is not justified before God by works or faith and works but by faith alone.
indulgences
Certificates that supposedly granted pardon from the punishment of sins
treasury of saints
Roman Catholic doctrine of the storehouse of the "excess works' of the saints and the works of Christ; used in the dispensing of indulgences
pacifism
Refusal to take up arms against anyone, even in time of war
Elizabethan Settlement
The attempt by Elizabeth to settle England's religious problems through compromise
Counter Reformation
Another term for the Catholic Reformation that opposed the Protestant Reformation
John Wycliffe
"Morning Star" of the Reformation because many of his convictions and teachings were later embraced b y the sixteenth-century reformers
Lollards
Followers of John Wycliffe
John Huss
Reformer who challenged the Bohemian people to oppose the worldliness in the church
Council of Constance
Fifteenth-century Roman Catholic Church council that ended the Great Schism and burned John Huss at the stake
Martin Luther
German monk whose courageous stand against the Roman Catholic Church sparked the religious upheaval known as the Protestant Reformation
Leo X
Pope who launched a campaign to complete the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome and commissioned the selling of certificates of indulgences to pay for it
Johann Tetzel
Dominican friar who sold indulgences near Luther's parish at Wittenberg and told the people that a person could free a relative from suffering in purgatory by buying indulgences
October 31, 1517
On this date Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five Theses on the castle church door in Wittenberg, Germany
Ninety-five Theses
A list of statements concerning the sale of indulgences that Martin Luther proposed as topics for a scholarly debate
Charles V
German Emperor who refused to condemn Luther without a hearing
Diet of Worms
Diet in 1521 at which Martin Luther reaffirmed the views expressed in the books that he had written
Augsburg Confession
clearly sets forth the chief doctrines for which Luther and his followers contended. This became the doctrinal standard for the Lutheran Church
Peace of Augsburg
Allowed each German prince the right to choose whether his territory would be Lutheran or Roman Catholic
Ulrich Zwingli
an early leader of the Swiss Reformation
Anabaptists
Group the rejected infant baptism and rebaptized each other
John Calvin
A Frenchman who was the most famous and influential Protestant reformer after Martin Luther
The Institutes of the Christian Religion
Theological book written by John Calvin; one of the most significant and influential books on theology ever written
Tudor Family
The ruling family of England during the sixteenth century
Henry VIII
On the throne of England when the Protestant Reformation began in Germany. He branded Martin Luther a heretic and wrote a book attacking Luther's teaching.
Thomas Cranmer
Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by Henry VIII, and declared Henry's marriage to Catherine invalid and legalized his new marriage to Anne Boleyn.
Edward VI
Succeeded his father, Henry VIII, to the throne in 1547 at the age of 9. Because his advisors were sympathetic to the Protestant Reformation, he was sstrongly influenced by them and as a result, sweeping changes were made in the English church.
Mary I
The daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, who was a devout Roman Catholic. She sought to restore Roman Catholicism to England by compelling Parliament to repeal the religious laws passed during Edward's reign.
Elizabeth I
Half-sister to Mary I, she became the Queen of England when Mary died. Her forty-five year reign marks one of the greatest periods in English history. She never married, but was so devoted to her country that it has been said she was married to the throne of England.
Anglican Church
Church of England; the established state church of England which has as its creed the Thirty-nine articles
Philip II
King of Spain who was England's most formidable Catholic opponent. When Philip became ruler of the Hapsburg Territories, he worked hard to stamp out Protestantism by turning the Spanish Inquisition against the Protestants.
Francis Drake
Commander of the English fleet that defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588.
Puritans
Those who wanted to purify the Anglican church of those practices that reminded them of Roman Catholicism.
Separatists
Those who removed themselves from the Anglican Church.
John Knox
The leader of the Protestant Reformation in Scotland
Mary Stuart
Catholic queen of Scotland (and mother of King James I of England) who had to flee and abdicate her throne when she was accused of plotting her husband's death.
William the Silent
William of Orange, the leader of the Protestant rebellion against Philip II in the Netherlands
Huguenots
French Protestants
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Massacre of Huguenots throughout France on August 27, 1572
Bourbon
French royal family; descended from Louis IX
Henry of Navarre
Head of the Bourbon family and a Huguenot who won the struggle for the French throne in 1589 but had to become a Roman Catholic to appease his French Catholic subjects
Edict of Nantes
Edict of Henry IV that gave the Huguenots a certain amount of religious toleration
Jesuits
Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola that suppressed heresy and promoted Roman Catholic education.
Ignatius Loyola
Founded the Roman Catholic religious order, the Jesuits
Inquisition
A special church court commissioned by the pope to stamp out heresy.
Index of Prohibited Books
Roman Catholic Church has condemned
Council of Trent
The Counter-Reformation council that condemned justification by faith alone and the sole authority of Scripture, set forth a complete doctrinal position of the Roman Church, and sealed the break between Protestant and Roman Catholic churches.
Geoffrey Chaucer
English author who presented contrasting views of the clergy of his day in his famous book The Canterbury Tales
Prague
City associated with the life and ministry of John Huss
Germany
Country in which the Protestant Reformation began
Act of Supremacy (1534)
Made the king the "supreme head" of the church of England, completed the break between England and the papacy, and placed the English church under direct control of the state
Book of Common Prayer
Thomas Cranmer's book of Bible readings and prayers
Good Queen Bess
Elizabeth I of England