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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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6 themes of world history
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cultural interaction
science economy political interaction with the environment religious |
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cultural interaction
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having to do with human beings living together in a group or communities which they have dealings with each other
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political
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deals with who controls the power and how the people are managed
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economy
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anything having to do with the production, distribution, exchange, or consumption of wealth
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religious
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anything dealing with ideas, spiritual doctrines, opinions or ways of thinking
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science
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creation of tools inventions or methods to gain knowledge and solve problems
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int. with the environment
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people adjusting to the climate and terrain where they live or changing the environment
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neolithic revol.
why? |
1. change in climate
2. increase in population |
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neolithic revol.
results? |
1. farming on stationary communities
2. domestication of animals 3. specialization of labor 4. development of social organ. |
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5 characteristics of a civilization
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advanced cities
specialized workers advanced technology record keeping complex institution |
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what distinguishes a city from a village?
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city is the center of trade
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specialization
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the development of skills in a specific kind of work
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artisans
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skilled workers who made goods by hand
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institution
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a long lasting pattern of organization in a community
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what were sumerian temples like?
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gov and religious affairs
economic center |
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who did sumerian cities belong to?
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god
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scribes
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professional record keepers
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cuneiform
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pictographs
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stylus
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scribe's tool
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bronze age
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started in sumer. made tools out of bronze
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What is the location of mesopotamia?
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THE FERTILE CRESCENT
(mesopotamia means land between rivers) Between the Tigris and Euphrates River |
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Crops in mesopotamia?
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wheat and barley
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Environmental challenges in mesopotamia?
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unpredictable flood and drought
no barriers natural resources were limited (Desert) |
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What did sumerians create/invent?
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irrigation ditches
wheel number system based on 60 architectural (arches columns rams pyramid shapes) cuneiform (system of writing symbols) |
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What did sumerians build for defense?
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walls out of mud bricks
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What did sumerians trade? for what?
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traded grain cloth craft
for stone wood metal |
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What did all city states in sumer share? not share?
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same culture; rulers and government
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Political structure in mesopotamia?
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controlled by the priests in times of peace and controlled by military leaders when invaded which eventrually stayed with them
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Problems with city states?
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NO UNITY
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what were the temples called in mesopotamia?
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ziggurats
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religion in mesopotamia?
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polytheism (1+ god)
god had human like qualities but they were immortal and all powerful. humans were servants |
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what occured in the ziggurats?
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sacrifices to please the gods
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where did the souls go in the mesopotamian religion?
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the land of no return
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How was trade achieved in mesopotamia?
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via rivers
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social structure in mesopotamia?
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KING LAND HOLDER PRIEST
WEALTHY MERCHANT WORKER SLAVE |
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Did women have rights in mesopotamia?
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more rights than in later civilizations
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How did the culture change when mesopotamia got invaded?
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it didn't.
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Sargon of akkad
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created the 1st unified empire by taking control of northern and southern mesopotamia lasted 200yrs
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babylon empire
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around 2000bc nomadic warriors (amontes) invaded mesopotamia and created their capital babylon (on euphrates). the empire peaked under hammurabi, he created a single uniformed code of law that the entire empire followed
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What was the main thing that made egypt different from mesopotamia?
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egypt was united from early on, so they had more stability, unity, and cultural continuity for over 3000 years
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egypt risks?
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low floods=starving
high floods=destruction small area=little cultural diffusion with other nations but no invasions either |
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egypt divisions?
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upper and lower
each having its own rules, rituals and gods. travel via NILE. |
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Paroah
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ruled a gods, they were supposed to be as powerful as the gods in heaven. the egyptians believed that the pharoah ruled even after death in the old kingdom.
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what were pyramids created as?
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resting places
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what was egyption gov?
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theocracy
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polytheistic
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2000 gods and goddess.
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most important gods in egypt ?
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re (sun)
osiris (death) iris (ideal mother and wife |
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what was mummification used for?
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preserving the body for the afterlife
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social classes in egypt ?
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KING QUEEN ROYAL
UPPER (wealthy land owners, gov officials, priests, army) MERCHANTS AND ARTISANS PEASANTS SLAVES |
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were people locked in their social class in egypt ?
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nope
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Writing in egypt ?
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hierogluphics
papyrus |
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hierogliphics
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pictures stand for objects and sounds
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papyrus
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the paper to write on
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did women hold rights in egypt ?
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almost same as men
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inventions in egypt ?
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calendar, number system, geometry, pyramids, medicine
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describe the 3 egyptian kingdoms
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old kingdom ended in 2180 bc
middle kingdom began with stron rules regaining strong control aound 2040bc. improvements in trade and transp. were made. however HUKSOS (palestinians) conquered egypt and ruled from 1630-1523 bc. egypt declined during this time new kingdom rise of power. |
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egypt : clothing was made of?
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linen
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What did jewelry serve as in egypt ?
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magical or decorative
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what is embalding? where?
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in egypt, it stops the body from decaying
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dead spirit is called a
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ka
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what is a conopic jar
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all the organs are placed
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could women be craftmen?
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no
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How did egyptians gain goods?
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exchange
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divorce in egypt?
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no longer lived together, women could remarry
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women in egypt do in the upper class?
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raise children
oversee sevants ran household |
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women in egypt do in the lower class?
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cook
clean make clothes work raise children |
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what was female's social status in egypt?
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her fathers
and then her husbands |
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food in egypt?
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wheat and barley
beer bread wine pork fish forbidden |
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egyptian houses made of?
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mud bricks
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What did egyptians believed treated sick?
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medicine and magic
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what did egyptians believe got people sick?
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worms
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how was music learned in egypt?
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memorize sounds
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when farmers in egypt weren't farming what did they do?
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work in temples gov buildings
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osiris
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god of underworld
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anumbis
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tomb of dead bodies
weigh heart |
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scribes in egypt were?
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men
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why is less info known about the IRV then other river valley civil?
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language has not been translated
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3 environmental challenges that IRV faced?
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yearly floods
rivers' change of course cycle of wet and dry season brought by monsoon was unpredictable |
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Harappan civilization
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IRV civil is called that because of many archeological discovories made there
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What does the attention that the IRV people gave to plumbing and sewer systems suggest?
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had a strong central gov.
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how was plumbing system in IRV different from other civilizations?
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very sophisticated. could rival any urban drainage system built before the 19th centurey
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what was harappan culture based on?
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religion animals
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what is known about the harappan culture?
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cities show a remarkable uniformity in religion and culture. artifacts suggest a properous society. few weapons mean there were few conflicts. animals were important
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what is known about harappan religion
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theocracy, no temple. religous artifacts reveal links to modern hindu culture
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what proof do historians gave that trade occured between indus and mesop.?
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seals used by indus merchants to identify goods were found in sumer
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economy in harappan society based on?
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agriculture
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Environmental in china...?
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isolated by
seas mountain range desert icy plateau of tibet |
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environmental challenges in china..
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geo. location made trading hard
only 10 percent of land was farmable opened to attacks from west and north the yellow river-uncotrollable flood (chinas sorrow) |
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first chinese dynasties
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Xia (shyah)
Shang Zhou (Jou) |
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Xia
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leader was YU. He helped tame the yellow river
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Shang
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1st to leave written records
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Zhou
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overthrew shang, but abopted many of their ways
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Shang dynasty
CITIES |
houses were timber framed with clay straw. surrounded by massive walls (War issues
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Shang dynasty
CULTURE |
outsiders considered barbarians
most imp. respect was for parents males controlled |
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Shang dynasty
WOMEN |
inferior(even to their sons)
married at 13-16 improve social status by having males |
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Shang dynasty
SOCIAL CLASS |
Nobles and peasants
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Religious beliefs of chines
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spirit of ancestors had power to bring fortune
GOD:Shang di |
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Writing in china
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language written and spoken was diff.
written language was taught through out china as an universal way to communicate |
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mandate of heaven
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royal authority came from heaven. this became the chinese justification for rebellion civil war and replacement of dinesty
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what dynasty was 1st to claim that they got authority from god?
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zhou
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technology during zhou
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roads
canals coined money blast furnace to produce cast iron |
