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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the Scientific Revolution?
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- Emergence of modern science - Developments in math, physics, astronomy, biology that transformed society - The IDEA of Questioning |
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Heliocentric vs Geocentric |
- Church = Geocentric - Geocentric = the idea that the earth is the center of the universe - Heliocentric = the idea that the sun is the center of the universe - Geocentric = Aristotle - Heliocentric = Copernicus, Rene Descartes |
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Scientific Method |
Logical procedure for gathering and testing information |
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What was the Enlightenment? |
- Product of the Scientific Revolution - Intellectual movement - Conflicted with religion
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Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu |
Hobbes - felt all humans were selfish, Governments needed to keep order, social contract Locke - Humans can learn from mistakes, natural rights, Government is there to protect natural rights Rousseau - civilization corrupts, social contract, people could rebel against kings Montesquieu - loved British government, separation of powers |
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Causes and Effects of the Atlantic Revolutions - North American, French, Haitian, Latin/Spanish American |
North American Causes - Depleted British treasury, increased British control, preserve existing liberties, republic, enlightenment ideas Effects - Abolishment of slavery in North, US constitution, white men vote and own property, new nation, inspiration Haitian Revolution Causes - Disproportionate population, class inequality, small % had access to wealth, slaves had no rights, enlightenment ideas Effects - All citizens equal, second independent republic in NA, no longer economic powerhouse, inspired other slave revolts French Revolution Causes - Gov. bankrupt, uneven social classes, high tax, unemployment, inspiration from American Revolution, enlightenment ideas Effects - Reign of Terror, country briefly a republic, social class upheaval, Napoleon Bonaparte Spanish-American Revolution Causes - Disproportionate population, class inequality, shadow of fear, Napoleon's invasions, tight Spanish control, inspiration, enlightenment ideas Effects - Union of countries, deemed impossible, independence, no longer wealthy, lower classes barely benefited |
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How do social and economic crises affect the revolutions? |
... |
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When does society usually fall into a revolution? |
when situations begin to improve |
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What does rapid change in the society lead to? |
Rapid change in society leads to instability |
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National Workshops |
System set up during the French Revolution (Louis Blanc) to provide work for unemployed |
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Protest Banquets |
Gathering of people during a banquet used to protest against the king |
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Francois Guizot |
Prime minister under King Louis Philippe who opposed electoral reform |
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Louis Blanc |
- social democrat - Right to work (worshops)
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French Revolution's nickname |
February Revolution |
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Revolutionary demands within the Austrian/Habsburg Empire |
- liberal reforms - Hungarian independence - autonomous Slavic state within empire |
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Weaknesses that caused the revolution within the Austrian Habsburg Empire |
- very conservative monarchy - culturally and racially heterogeneous - Social reliance on serfdom - Corrupt and inefficient - Competition with Prussia |
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Racial and Cultural Makeup of the Austrian/Habsburg Empire |
Many different cultures, mostly Germans, Hungarians, Italians, Romanians, Poles, Czechs, Slovs |
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Issue of serfdom in the Austrian/Habsburg Empire |
Serfs forced to work without other opprotunities |
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Ethnic Groups in Bohemia/Moravia and the Magyar/Hungarian revolt |
Hungarians, Slavs, Germans, |
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What is Magyarization? |
The act of assimilation (by force or otherwise) of non-Hungarians into the Hungarian culture, language, etc. |
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The most significant issue to come from the Vienna Uprisings |
Emancipation and abolishment of serfdom |
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What caused the Italians to revolt in 1848-49? |
Italians wanted to end the foreign domination of Italy |
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Mazzini, King Charles Albert |
Guiseppe Mazzini - led the young Italy movement (unify Italy as one nation) - led march on Rome and forced Pope to flee - established republic for short while King Charles Albert - supported revolutionaries in Italy - waged war on Austria - Radetzky defeated Albert |
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Pope Pius IX, conservative or liberal? |
- initially liberal but flees after the assassination of Count Pelligrino Rossi - After returning from Naples, became one of the archconservatives |
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What was the Pope's allocation statement? |
The Pope would not support a war with Austria (bother were Catholic nations) and no longer supported the effort to unify Italy |
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Republic of Rome |
Republic set up in Pope Pius IX's absence |
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Liberals called for what in Italy? Nationalists called for what in Italy? |
Liberals - constitutions, government reforms, political freedoms Nationalists - independence from Austria and some measure of Italian unity |
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Where were the two major areas of revolution in the German States? |
Frankfurt, Berlin |
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King Frederick William IV |
- King of Germany - Initially supportive of liberal reforms - Rejected when handed United Germany by parliament |
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What significance came from the Prussian revolution? |
- Suffrage, constitution |
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What were the overall weaknesses of the Frankfurt Parliament? |
- alienated working class and conservatives - unrealistic |
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Schleswig-Holstein Issue |
- Prussia vs Denmark - Other powers stopped Prussia vs Denamark war |
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Long and Short term causes of the Revolutions of 1848 |
.... |
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Political ideologies challenged during this time period |
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Main reason(s) for non-coherent revolutions in 1848? |
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