Honors World History Midterm

Front 1

Prince Henry The Navigator

Back 1

-Portuguese

-promoted exploration of west africa

-to enter gold trade

-gain intelligence about muslim power

-convert people to Christianity

Front 2

Bartalomue Dias

Back 2

-Cape of Good Hope (1488)

-Opened Trade in the Indian Ocean

Front 3

Magellan (1480-1521)

Back 3

-tried to establish a western route to Asia

-Circumnavigation

Front 4

Treaty of Tordesillas

Back 4

agreement between spain and portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus

Front 5

Trading-Post Empire

Back 5

Portugal seized key ports around the Indian Ocean to create a vast trading empire

Front 6

Christopher Columbus

Back 6

-Italian navigator looking for a western route to Asia

-Sponsored by Ferdanan and Isabella of Spain

-Landed in Taino area called San Salvador

-Looking for Hold

Front 7

Conquistador

Back 7

a Spanish conqueror in the 16th Century

Front 8

Encomienda

Back 8

A grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of the area

Front 9

Hernan Cortes

Back 9

Spanish conquistador responsible for the fall of the Aztec Empire

Front 10

Joint-stock companies

Back 10

-enabled investors to realize handsome profits while limiting the risk to their investments

-English East India Company (1600)

United East India Company (VOC)

Front 11

95 Theses

Back 11

Protests against clerical abuses like nepotism, simony, usury, and indulgances

Front 12

Marburg Colloquy

Back 12

A meeting at Marburg Castle in Germany which attempted to solve a disputation between Martin Luther and Ulrich Zwingli over the Real Presence of Christ in the Lord's Supper

Front 13

German Peasant Revolt

Back 13

-peasants inspired by Protestant Reformation revolted

-Largest European uprising until the French Revolution

Front 14

Martin Luther

Back 14

-Obsessed with sin

-professor of theology

-became a monk

-rejected ideals of the Catholic Church

Front 15

Protestantism

Back 15

a form of Christian faith and practice which originated with the Protestant Reformation, a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church.

Front 16

Diet of Worms

Back 16

addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation

Front 17

Ignatius of Loyola

Back 17

-Society of Jesus (1540)

-retired soldier

Front 18

Council of Trent

Back 18

assembly of bishops, cardinals, and other high church officials who met intermittently between 1545 and 1563 to address matters of doctrine and reform

Front 19

How did Luther's theology differ from that of the medieval church?

Back 19

rejected the authority of the church hierarchy

Front 20

Louis XIV

Back 20

-the sun king

-Versailles

-absolutism

-divine right

Front 21

Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)

Back 21

religious wars culminated in a massive continental conflict

Front 22

Isaac Newton

Back 22

-english physicist and mathematician

-gravity

Front 23

Copernican Revolution

Back 23

the paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens, which described the cosmos as having Earth stationary at the center of the universe, to the heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the Solar System.

Front 24

Columbian Exchange

Back 24

Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life.

Front 25

Guilds

Back 25

a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, set prices and maintained standards

Front 26

Putting-Out System

Back 26

production system widespread in 17th-century western Europe in which merchant-employers “put out” materials to rural producers who usually worked in their homes but sometimes laboured in workshops or in turn put out work to others.

Front 27

Mercantilism

Back 27

an economic theory and practice, dominant in Europe from the 16th to the 18th century, that promoted governmental regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers.

Front 28

Adam Smith

Back 28

a Scottish political economist and philosopher. He has become famous by his influential book The Wealth of Nations (1776).

Front 29

What items where introduced to the New World from the Old World?

Back 29

-corn

-potatoes

-beans

-tomatoes

-peppers

-peanuts

-tabacco

-vanilla

-chocolate

-furs

-disease

Front 30

Old World to New World?

Back 30

-wheat

-rice

-sugar

-coffee

-domestic animals

-slaves

-diseases

Front 31

Impacts of the Columbian Exchange?

Back 31

-world population rises

-Africa and Americans suffer

-Asia gets rich

-Europe gets healthier and wealthier

Front 32

Sunni Ali

Back 32

he first king of the Songhai Empire, located in west Africa and the 15th ruler of the Sonni dynasty.

Front 33

Songhay Empire

Back 33

-the largest and last of the three major pre-colonial empires to emerge in West Africa

-Timbuktu

-Muslim

Front 34

smallpox

Back 34

-devastated the indigenous peoples of the Western hemisphere

Front 35

Timbuktu

Back 35

the commercial and cultural center of the Songhay empire

Front 36

Kingdom of Kongo

Back 36

-14th/15th century

-centralized state with officials overseeing military, judicial, and financial affairs

Front 37

Kilwa

Back 37

-Swahili Coast

-De Gama forced the ruler to pay tribute

Front 38

Angola

Back 38

Portuguese colony; first European colony in sub-saharan Africa

Front 39

King Afonso I (1505-42)

Back 39

Christian ruler of Kongo

Front 40

Queen Nzinga

Back 40

-reigned 1623-1663

-led spirited resistance against Portuguese forces

-dressed as a male

Front 41

The Antonian Movement

Back 41

-a syncretic Christian new religious movement formed in the Kingdom of Kongo between 1704 and 1706 as a development within the Roman Catholic Church in Kongo. Its founder was a young charismatic woman named Beatriz Kimpa Vita who said she was possessed by Saint Anthony of Padua.

-Jesus was black

Front 42

Atlantic Slave Trade

Back 42

Europeans took slaves and gave Africans manufactured products in exchange; huge part of European economy

Front 43

Islamic Slave Trade

Back 43

Muslim merchants sought African slaves for the sale and distribution to destinations in the Mediterranean basin

Front 44

Syncretism

Back 44

blending of two or more religious belief systems into a new system, or the incorporation into a religious tradition of beliefs from unrelated traditions

Front 45

Middle Passage

Back 45

he stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade.

Front 46

Fulani

Back 46

primarily nomadic herders and traders. Through their nomadic lifestyle they established numerous trade routes in West Africa.

Front 47

Mongols

Back 47

-nomads

-united in 13th century

-Gengis Kahn

-Yuan Dynasty

Front 48

Genghis Kahn

Back 48

founded the Mongol Empire and became one of the most feared conquerors of all time

Front 49

Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

Back 49

-Yuan Dynasty disintegrates

-Emperor Hong Wu (1368-1398)

-public works

exploration

-Yong Le

Front 50

Zheng He

Back 50

commanded the Ming dynasty's fleet of immense trading vessels on expeditions ranging as far as Africa

Front 51

Civil Service Exams

Back 51

anyone could take them to get a chance at being a scholar-bureaucrat

Front 52

Sengoku

Back 52

period in Japanese history marked by social upheaval, political intrigue and near-constant military conflict Japanese historians named after the otherwise unrelatedWarring States period in China

Front 53

Daimyo

Back 53

he powerful feudal lords in pre-modern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings

Front 54

Shogun

Back 54

a hereditary military dictator in Japan during the period from 1192 to 1867

Front 55

Bakufu

Back 55

system of government of a feudal military dictatorship, exercised in the name of the shogun

Front 56

Nagasaki

Back 56

trade permitted

Front 57

Floating Worlds

Back 57

entertainment and pleasure quarters where teahouses, theatres, brothels, and public baths offered escape from social responsibilities and the rigid rules of conduct that governed public behavior in Tokugawa

Front 58

Under what circumstances was social mobility possible in early modern China and Japan?

Back 58

by being a merchant or a scholar-bureaucrat

Front 59

Tamurlane

Back 59

Turco-Mongol conqueror and the founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia.

Front 60

Ghazi

Back 60

a Muslim fighter against non-Muslims

Front 61

Devshirme

Back 61

introduced under Sultan Murad 2 in the 1420's. The sultan would collect Christian boys from the Balkans and turn them into his slaves

Front 62

Suleyman the Magnificent

Back 62

the tenth and longest-reigning Great Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1520 to his death in 1566

-promoted Ottoman expansion

-naval power

Front 63

Shah Ismael

Back 63

-founded Safavid Empire

-claimed title at 14

-Twelver Shi'ism

Front 64

Qizilbash

Back 64

"red heads" that were part of twelver shi'ism

Front 65

Shah Abbas The Great

Back 65

-revitalized the Safavid Empire

-moved the capital to a more central location, encouraged trade with other lands, and reformed the administrative and military institutions of the empire

Front 66

Babur, Akbar, & Aurengazeb

Back 66

Mughal emporers

Front 67

The Divine Faith

Back 67

Akbar; emphasized loyalty to the emperor while borrowing eclectically from different religious traditions

Front 68

Why did the Islamic empires enter a period of dramatic decline in the 18th century?

Back 68

1. Dynastic decline

2. economic and military decline

3. cultural conservatism

Front 69

The Enlightenment

Back 69

period in the history of western thought and culture, stretching roughly from the mid-decades of the seventeenth century through the eighteenth century, characterized by dramatic revolutions in science, philosophy, society and politics

Front 70

Jean-Jacques Roussaeu

Back 70

a Francophone Genevanphilosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century. His political philosophy influenced the Enlightenment in France and across Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the overall development of modern political and educational thought.

Front 71

The Estates General (1789)

Back 71

a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm:the clergy (First Estate), the nobles (SecondEstate), and the common people (ThirdEstate).

Front 72

Levee en masse

Back 72

"mass levy" or "mass uprising") was the policy of military conscription adopted in the aftermath of the French Revolution of 1789

Front 73

Napoleon Bonaparte

Back 73

a military general who became the first emperor of France

Front 74

Toussaint Louverture

Back 74

best-known leader of the Haitian Revolution. His military and political acumen saved the gains of the first Black insurrection in November 1791

Front 75

Mary Wollstonecraft

Back 75

an English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights. During her brief career, she wrote novels, treatises, a travel narrative, a history of the French Revolution, a conduct book, and a children's book

Front 76

Zionism

Back 76

goal is the return of Jews to Eretz Yisrae

Front 77

The Congress of Vienna

Back 77

a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September 1814 to June 1815.

Front 78

Otto von Bismark

Back 78

first chancellor of united Germany