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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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practice of kings appointing church leaders and investing them with religious authority
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lay investiture
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the buying and selling of church offices
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simony
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one of the most influential monastic orders
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Cistercians
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this zealous leader made Cistercians popular
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Bernard of Clairvaux
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allowed church men to chose a pope
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College of Cardinals
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greatest reforming pope; prohibited laymen from church offices
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Gregory VII
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refused to obey Gregory VII
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Henry IV
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agreement between Henry and Gregory recognizing the right of the church to elect its own bishops
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The Concordat of Worms
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religious orders; called brothers
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Friars
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begging orders
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Mendicant orders
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founder of Franciscan Order
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Francis
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founder of Dominican Order
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Dominic
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Papal power and prestige reached its peak; he likened his power to the sun; get rid of those against the church
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Pope Innocent III
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what are the 3 papal weapons
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excommunication
interdict inquisition |
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excommunication
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depriving one of sacraments and fellowship
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suspension of public worship and spiritual blessings
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interdict
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special church court to stamp out heresy
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inquisition
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local tribal leaders that assumed the role of protector
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dukes
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the dukes territory
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duchy
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called the Fowler because his past-time was hunting hawks; 1st of Saxon German king
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Henry the Fowler
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Henry the Fowler's son; "the Great" strong king
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Otto I
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German Empire called this
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Holy Roman Empire
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3 conflicts
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interest
popes nobles |
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interest
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tend to other's business and neglect own
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popes
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struggle between popes and emperors
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nobles
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struggle between German nobles and Holy Roman Empire
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new royal line after Saxon kings
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Salian House
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family used to try to end civil wars
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Hohenstaufen
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called Barbarossa; "Red Beard" meddled in Italian affairs
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Frederick I
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most noble of Hohenstaufen rulers
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Frederick II
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great warrior, ruler, educator, built navy
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Alfred the Great
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local districts divided by Alfred; officials called shire-reeves (sheriffs)
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Shires
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traces of history of England from Rome to Alfred's day
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Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
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Danish ruler; made England part of Danish Empire, Norway
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Canute
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devoted to God; died without heir
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Edward the Confessor
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Earl of Wessex; elected by the English nobles
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Harold
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1066; altered history of England; William won and Harold was killed
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Battle of Hastings
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military followers of William; feudal vassals
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Tenants in chief
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William's sensus; held official and final record of one's personal belongings
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Domesday Book
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Grandson of William the Conqueror
circuit courts |
Henry II
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list of accusations
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indictments
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established justice and helped unify English nation
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common law
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archbishop of Canterbury; mudered by four nights
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Thomas a Becket
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The lionhearted; "Robin Hood" 3rd Crusade
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Richard I
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reign filled with conflict
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John
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1215; John put seal on this; most important document in England
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Magna Carta
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most gifted medieval kings; conquered red Wales; Parliament
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Edward I
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an assembly of counselors for the king
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parliament
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counselors for the Anglo'Saxon king
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Witan
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king's council; a feudal body of chief vassals
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Curia regis
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withholding approval of the new taxes
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power of the purse
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987; chosen as king; a count of Paris
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Hugh Capet
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small area capetian kings ruled
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Ile-de-France
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"Augustus" real founder of France
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Philip II
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ideal mediaval king; peace and justice was his goals; remembered as Saint Louis
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Louis IX
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"the Fair" climax of Capetian rule; taxed people and clergy
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Philip IV
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said no king could tax the clergy
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Boniface VIII
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meeting between Philip and the church, the nobility, and the townspeople
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Estates-General
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called for holy crusades to free holy land from Turks
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Urban II
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military campaigns
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Crusades
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1st Crusade
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most successful; established four small feudal kingdoms
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King's Crusade
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3rd crusade; began as largest
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Saladin
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ruler of Muslims; 3rd crusade began
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Diverted crusade
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pursued litical and economic ends
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Later crusade
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all failed; crusaders turned to commercial interests
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Children's crusade
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children set out to free the Holy Land; many were sold as slaves
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consequences of crusades
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weakened feudal structure of Europe
expanded commercial activity stengthened leadership in papacy opened new horizons offered important lesson to Christians |
