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340 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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leader of the Franks
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Clovis
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defeated the Moslems or Muslims at the Battle of the Tours
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Charles Martel
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dynasty of Frankish Kings founded by Charles Martel
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Carolingian dynasty
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King of the Lombards
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Charlemagne
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a tax on income for the Church
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tithe
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monk who set up a school for Charlemagne and rule of learning under him
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Alucin
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illumination
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decorating the 1st letter and margins using plants as ink
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feudalism
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1) a special system with class distinctions
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fief
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peice of land given by a lord
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ceremony of investure
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the confirming of a feudal contract for vassals
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water around the castle to kkep out intruders
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moat
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tower of safety
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donjon or keep
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gate which soliders entered and was the last to fall
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entrance gate
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values and virtues of being a warrior that expected them to be brave, generous, and loyal
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chivalry
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someone who goes around and sings about lova and women
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troubadour
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a village or villages and the surronding lands
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manor
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founded the Celts of Ireland
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St. Patrick
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apostle of Germany
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St. Boniface
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monastary at Mounte Cassino
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St. Benedict
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wrote the stations of the cross and the nativity shape
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St. Francis of Assisi
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disobiedience of the church laws
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excommunication
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way of life chosen by monks that had a common life with discipline
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monasticism
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fair where goods were exchanged for one and other
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trade fair
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how did religious orders improve life during the middle ages?
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1)experiments in agriculture 2)have herbal gardens and medical knowledge 3) care for the sick and orphans 4) welcome place for travelers
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The six points of a gothic church (memorize!)
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pointed arches
flying butresses ribbed vault great height thinner walls large glass windows |
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wrote Divine Comedy
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Dante
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wrote Cantebury Tales
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Chaucer
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wrote Summa Theologica
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St. Thomas Anquinas
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famous medieval universities
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Oxford, Cambridge, Trinity College
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use of reason to support catholic beliefs
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scholasticism
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founder of experimental science
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Roger Bacon
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What were the crusades and what were their purpose?
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a war to gain back the Holy Land
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usury
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money lent for intrest
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Saladin
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the muslim leader who offers to negotiate with Christians
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the five results of the crusade
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Power and prestige of Church increases
science and technology changes &quickens increases trade and town growth broaden culture outlook Encourages learning |
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William the Conqueror
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William of Duke who takes England in the Battle of Hastings . He establishes strong central government and uses the Doomsday book to survey for taxes
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Henry I
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1) paid officials 2) loyalty to the king
3) increased Royal income 4) centralized treasury |
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Henry II
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1) expanded the power of the courts 2) created circuit courts 3) common law
4) trial by jury |
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King John
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agrees to pay papal fief
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Thomas a'Becket
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archbishop of Canterbury who disputes with Henry II over taxes
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Ferninand and Isabella
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brought unity to Spain but did not support any other religion than Christianity
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John Wycliffe
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translated the bible from to english and said that sacraments are not necessary
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Joan of Arc
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claimed to hear voices that helped her save France
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Doomsday Book
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a census "survey" to decide on taxes owed
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Salisbury oath
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alleigance to the king
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common law
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descisions based on previous cases
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Magna Carta
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1) limits the king's powers-- written guarentee of traditional rights
2) taxes couldn't be levied without approval |
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What is the English Gov?
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Model Parliament
King House of Lords House of Commons |
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investure
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the sale of Church offices
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the 2 largest Moslem cities in Spain
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Cordova and Granada
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Reconquesta
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the expelling of Muslims from Spain
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Inquistion
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making Spain a Catholic nation again
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What was the Babalonian captivity of the pope?
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King Philip captures the Pope because he won't let him tax the clergy
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What is the Great Schism?
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when the chudch had 2 (3) popes at the same time due to political differences and the death of the Pope
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What is another name for the Thirty Yars War?
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The WAr of Roses
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What does the word Renaissance mean?
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the rebirth of learning
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What is a humanist?
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one who teaches or studies grammar, rhetoric, poetry and history
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Who is Machiavelli?
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He was the writer of the Renaissance handbook The Prince for rulers in Italian city-states. He taught that a ruler should adopt a realistic course of action to stay in power and that a ruler should use any methods to achieve his power. He advised the use of cunning, diplomacy, and ruthlessness
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Petrarch
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searched for old manuscripts (esp. St. Augustine and Cicero) wrote in Latin
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Castiglione
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writer of The Book of The Courtier, he is an educated aristocrat and his book is a manual
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what family patronized the arts of Florence?
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de Medici
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What is perspective?
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to give a sense of depth and distance to art work
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why is moveable type considered such a great invention?
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b/c it sped the book making process and was cheaper
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what are frescoes?
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paintings on wet plaster
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Who was the universal man of the Renaissance?
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Petrarch
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wrote Sonnets fo Laura
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6 points of the gothic church
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-flying butresses
-great height -thin walls -large stain glass windows -ribbed vaults -pointed arches |
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Name one medieval college
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Oxford
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painted Venus of Verbino
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Titian
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outer wall of castle
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barbrican
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wrote book on good behavior/ manners (The Courtier)
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Castelioni
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painted frescoes on the life of St. Francis of Assisi
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Giotto
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tithe and sacraments are associated with?
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the church
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The Holy Roman Empire included much of this present day country.
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Germany
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Crusaders were NOT motivated by...
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sympathy for Islam
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What is scholastcism
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the use of reason and logic to defend CHristian beliefs
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Why is the middle ages considered a turning point in History?
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b/c of the emergence of the middle class
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Why did medieval people join monastaries?
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to devote their lives to God
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After the Babylonian capitivity and the great schism, the church lost most of its what?
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authority
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Summa Theologica
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Thomas Aquinas
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another name for medieval times
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middle ages
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medieval play that taught a lesson
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morality play
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Apostle of Germany who defeated the Moors
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St. Boniface
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painted the Madonna of the Chair
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Rafael
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Painted the Madonna on the Primavera and The Madonna of Venus
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Batachelli
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painted The Gates of Paradise
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Bramante
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Universal man of the Renaissance
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Leonardo da Vinci
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wrote Don Quixote
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Cervantes
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Dominican monk who painted The Annuciation
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Fra Angelico
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philosophy of life that studied the classics and showed that man was the center of all things
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humanism
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heriditary line of Wiliam the Conqueror
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Norman
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law based on pervious cases
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common law
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based knowledge on experience and was a medieval monk
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Roger Bacon
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painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
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Leonardo da Vinci
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painted Nightwatch
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Rembrandt
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what was feudal justice based on?
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customs and traditions
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What was the main purpose of craft guilds?
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to traina and protect guild members
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Spanish explorer who circumnavigated the globe abd called the man of iron courage
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Magellan
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European group who converted the indians into catholics and established fur trade
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French
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a spanish explorer
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conquistador
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exsquisite home of Louis XIV outside of Paris
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Versailles
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Conquistadors came in search of what?
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gold
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the Edict of Nantes granted rights to who?
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Hugenots
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Portuguese sailor who sailed to India by going around the Cape of Good Hope
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De Gama
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route taken by Africnas to be sold for slavery
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middle passage
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estate who had to pay the taxes
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third
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The day the French celebrate Bastille Day
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July 14
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When did the reign of terror occur?
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when the revolution was facing domestic threats
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came to Florida in search of the Fountain of Youth
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Pounce de Leon
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defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Traflager
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Lord Nelson
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Economic system that states an economy depends on getting and increasing their gold supply
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mercantilism
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only country Napoleon failed to conquer
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England
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chief spokesperson for England in early 1700s
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Prime Minister
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merchant who takes risks in hope of gaining profits
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entrpreneur
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What was the main purpose of the Bill of Rights?
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to protect the rights of individual people
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What nation did not finance new world exploration?
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Italy
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Group of Indians conquered by the conquistadors
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Incas
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Why did Napoleon's ideas last long in England?
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because his soliders helped spread new ideas
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what was a long term effect of the English civil war and common wealth?
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the limiting of the king's power
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given the title "Defender of the Faith" and formed the Anglican Church
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Henry VIII
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brought unity and Catholicism back to Spain
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Ferninand and Isabella
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pays papal fief in order to gain people's power
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King John
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translated bible from English to and said that sacraments are not necessary
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John Wycliffe
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it limits the king's power, and said that taxes could not be levied w/o Parliament approval
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Magna Carta
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sale of church offices
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investure
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French king captures pope b/c he won't let him tax the clergy
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Babylonian captivity
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2 large cities in Moslem world of Spain
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Cordova and Grananda
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the expelling of Moslems
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Reconquesta
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the making of Spain as a Catholic nation
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Inquisition
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another name for the Thirty Years War
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War of Roses
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wrote the Wealth of Nations
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Adam Smith
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nations who removed tariffs would benefit and that a society woulld benefit if people were allowed to act in their own self interest
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Adam Smith
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said that the human population was growing faster than the food supply and said that only natural disasters could stop poverty
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Thomas Malthus
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wrote Communist Manifesto; said that capitilism was the blame for working conditions and thought that their should be a socialist gov. who owned all land and means of production
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Karl Marx
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urged to improve the living of workers
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Jermey Bentham and John Stuart Mill
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theory of Evolution
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Charles Darwin
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british surgeon known for antiseptic surgery
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Joseph Lister
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samll pox vaccine
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Edward Jenner
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father of bacteriology: he isolated germs that caused TB and was awarded Nobel Peace Prize
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Robert Koch
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a German who created the theory of relativity
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Albert Einstein
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Ivan Pavlov
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Russian who studied the behavior of dogs and said that respond to a conditioned stimuli
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An austrian who created psychoanalysis
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Sigmund Freud
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Titern Abbey
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William Wordsworth
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Idylls of the Kingdom; poet laureate of England
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Lord Alfred Tennyson
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Hunchback of Notre Dame
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Victor Hugo
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War and Peace
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Leo Tolstoy
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Greece War of Independence; Liberty of Barricades; Dante and Virgil in Hell
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Eugene Delacroix
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Luncheon on the Grass; THe Fifer
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Manet
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father of modernism; The Land Players
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Paul Cezanne
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Dancers Practicing at The Bar
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Edgar Degas
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functional living architect
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Frank Llod Wright
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5th and 9th Symphony
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Beerhoven
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laissez faire economics
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the use of natural laws to ecplain the economy
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natural selection
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nature weeds out the weak
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composed Hungarian Rhapsody
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Franz Liszt
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2 new social sciences created during 1800's
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psychology
sociology |
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glorifies the individual and encourages nationalism
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romanticism
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trying to portray life as it is
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realism
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invented the seed drill
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Jethro Tull
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invented the cotton gin and interchangable parts
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Eli Whitney
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created a process to take impurities out of steel
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Henry Bessemer
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invented the stemboat The Clermont
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Robert Fulton
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Samuel Morse
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telegraph
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built the first battery
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Alexander Volta
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his work led to the construction of electric generator
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Michael Faraday
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invented the telephone
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Alexander Bell
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invented the phonograph, incadescent light bulb, electric plant and many other inventions
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Thomas Edison
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created cars, used interchangable parts and the assembly line
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Henry Ford
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owned monoply in the oil industry
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John D. Rockerfeller
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wrote Oliver Twist and created a climate for reform
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Charles Dickens
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Why did the Industrial Revolution begin?
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transportation
coal and iron resources large labor forces market sell goods government support financial resources |
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mass production
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creating large quantities of identical goods
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limited liability
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investors did not lose all of their money in account only the money in the company
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monopoly
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total control over one industry
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vertical intergration
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a business that buys out other small businesses that contribute to their product
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Which country was the leader of the Industrial Revolution during the 1800's
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Britian
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an association that helps workers gain better wages and working conditions
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labor union
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factory system
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workers and machines in one place to create goods
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What industry was first effected by the factory system?
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textile
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How did the government respond to the labor unions?
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opposition at first but encouraged them later on
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what industry was helped by the internal combustion system?
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automobile industry
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Polish astromer who developed the scientific method and had heliocentric theory
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Copernicus
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German astronomer who founded modern astronomy, created the forerunner to calcus, and laid foundations for law of gravity and created laws of planetary motion
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Johannes Kepler
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Galileo Galili
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Law of the Falling Bodies, invented the telescope, condemned by Catholic Church
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laws of gravity and invented calculus
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Issac Newton
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Joseph Priestly
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Phlogestin Theory said something something was given off during burning
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Antoine Lavosier
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named oxygen
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developed ointment to prevent infection after surgery
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Ambroise Lavosier
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William Harvey
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discovered blood circulation
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invented analytical geometry
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Rene Descartes
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wrote Leviathan
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Thomas Hobbes
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thought rebellion against government was never acceptable
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Thomas Hobbes
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said that if people were left alone they would fight constantly
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Thomas Hobbes
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People must enter a contract and
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give up rights to perserve natural rights
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wrote Two Treaties of Government
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John Locke
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English philospher who said that people posess natural rights of life, liberty, and property
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John Locke
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said that people create the government,grant it authority, may replace the government with a revolution if neccessary, and people are mostly cooperative
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John Locke
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a Fr. philosopher who supported religious toleration and freedom of speech and said:"I do not agree with a word you say but I will defend it."
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Voltaire
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swiss who wrote Discourse on the Arts and Sciences and said that titles of nobility should be abolished and believed that human nature was basically good
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Rousseau
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French philosopher who thought that the government should be separated into judicial, legislative, and executive branches and that they should have checks and balances
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Baron de Montesquieu
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wrote a 35 vol. encyclopedia
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Denis Diderot
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Austrian ruler who abolished serfdom by regulating the amount of unpaid work given to peasants
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Maria Theresa
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
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child prodigy who composed The Magic Flute and The Marriage of Figero
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wrote Gullivers' Travels
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Jonathan Swift
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wrote The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire
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Edward Gibbons
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christopher Wren
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St.Paul's Churchin London
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Wedgewood China
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Josiah Wedgewood
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Mrs. Richard Brinsley
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Thomas Gainsborough
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painted The Naked Maja
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Fransisco Goya
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German composer
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George F. Handel
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another name for The Age of Enlightenment
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Age of Reason
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American commander in WWI
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George John Pershing
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supreme allied leader
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Marshall Foch
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"he kept us out of the war"
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Woodrow Wilson
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WWI Poster artist
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James Montgomery Flagg
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his assasination led to WWI
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Archduke Francis Ferninand
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Kaiser Wilhem II
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ruler of Germany during WWI
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Nicholas II
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Russian ruler overthrown by Russian Revolution during WWI
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small country Austria-Hungary first declared War on
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Serbia
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Battle of Jutland
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Naval battle in WWI that gave Britian the upper hand
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Bloodiest battle
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Battle of Verdun
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german generals led armies over Russia and eventually caused Russia to drop out of WWI
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Battle of Tannenburg
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What event brought England into WWI
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Germany entered Belguim- a neutral country Britian promised to protect
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two front war
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fight in two spots at once
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US soliders entering WWI
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dough-boys
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Whed did WWI end?
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Nov., 11, 1918
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world leader representing France at WWI peace conference
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Clemancau
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English leader at WWI peace cofeerence
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George
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US leader at WWI peace conference
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Wilson
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Italian leader at WWI peace conference
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Orlando
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What were the 14 points
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basis for peace discussion made by Wilson
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League of Nations
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coalitions of nations to promote peace
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agreemnet between nations to help each other after WWI
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collective security
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Family line Elizabeth I followed
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Tudors
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Family line after Elizabeth I's death
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Stuarts of Scotland
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blessed by God to be a king
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Diveine Right of Kings
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King's supporters
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Cavaliers
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led the Cavaliers
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Charles I
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Parliament supporters during English Civil war
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Roundheads
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leader of the Roundheads
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Oliver Cromwell
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political party in England that favors toleration of Protestants
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Whigs
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politcal party in England that supports the King and the Anglican Church
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Tories
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Habeas Corpus Act
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protects a citizen from arbitrary arrest, said that you could not be held in prison whithout a fair trial and that you can't be imprisoned for the same crime twice
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Glorious Revolution
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a time when William and Mary took power and there was no bloodshed in England
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What are the three provisions of the English Bil of Rights
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(important) 1. King may not suspend laws from obeying the laws 2. may not levy tax w/o Parliament's consent 3. may not interfere in Parliament's consent
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Act of Toleration
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all except Catholics may attend services
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Act of Settlement
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to insure that only members of the Anglican Church can gain the throne
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what makes up the british cabinent?
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advisors of the current ruler including the Prime Minister
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Exclusion Act
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prevented Catholics from gaining the throne, made by whigs, tried to prevent James II from gaining power but it did not pass
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Petition of Rights
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Charles II signed it agreeing that his powers were limited and that he could not levy taxes w/o parliament's approval
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preached for reform and was persecuted as a heresey
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Savonarola
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a reformer who drew u 95 Thesis expressing what was wrong with the church
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Martin Luther
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believed in predestination and that God preordains
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John Calvin
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theologian of the Reformation
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John Calvin
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wrote Institutes of Christian Faith
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John Calvin
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prophet of the Reformation
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Martin Luther
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French document that said all men are created equal
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Declaration of the Rights of Man
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brought the Prebystrian Church to Scotland
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John Knox
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Iron law of wages
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wges goes through cycles
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"tinderbox" for War
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Ottoman Empire
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most prolific inventor
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Thomas Edison
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cause of war in "war guilt clause"
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Germany
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why was the "tinderbox" a tinderbox?
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b/c nationalism led to wars
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the reformation was a protest to what church?
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Catholic
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Armistice Day today
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Vetrans Day
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the age of exploration and commercialization were similar b/c....
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they were stimulated by people seeking profits
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Henry VIII
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"Defender of Faith" until he argues w/Rome about getting divorce, he decides to create the Anglican Church, father of Elizabeth I
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St. Ignasus OF LOYOLA
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founded the Jeisuits and CLC
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Diet of Augsburg
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said that a Lutheran prince could choose what religion his province was
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French Calvinist
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Hugenot
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Act of Supremacy
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law passed in England that made Henry head of the Church and state
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Church's attack against Reformation and attempt to bring people back to the Church
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Counter Reformation
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"rennaisance"
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rebirth of classical learning
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wrote Book of Courtier
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Castiglione
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painted works of St. Francis
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Giotto
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painted Battle of San Roman
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Uccello
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painted The Annunciation
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Fra Angelico
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Madonna of the Primavera and Madonna of Venus
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Botticelli
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painted Madonna of the Chair and was florentine
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Michelangelo
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painted Madonna of the Chair and was florentine
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Raphael
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works include Pieta, David and Moses
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Michelangelo
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founder of Venitian School
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Bellini
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venitian artist who painted Venus of Urbane
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Titian
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Paradise
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Tinoretto
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David and Gattemala
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Donatello
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Gates of Paradise
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Ghiberti
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built St. Peter's cathedral
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Bramante
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invented oil paint
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Van Eyck
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wrote The Prince of Folly
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Erasmus
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self portraits and Nightwatch
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Rembrandt
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Durer
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german woodcutter and sculptor who created Praying Hands
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Don Quixote
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Cervantes
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Greatest Elizabethan writer
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Shakespeare
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founder of FLorentine School of art
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de Medici
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founder of Venitian school of Art
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Bellini
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give a sense of dpth and perception in art work
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perspective
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what sped up the book making process?
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moveable type
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created the printing press
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Gutenburg
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Universal Man of the Renaissance
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da Vinci
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river FLorence is located on
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Arno River
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3 greatest artists of Revolution
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Raphael, da Vinci, Michelangelo
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Maximillian Robspierre
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led the Reign of Terror
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Louis XVI
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the sun king, reconized need for reform but unable to resolve the problem
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Lord Nelson
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English Admiral who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Traflager
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Where did Louis XIV live?
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Versailles
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Henry Navarre
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a protestant who inherits the throne and becomes Henry and converts to catholicism
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Jean Colbert
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managed Royal finances during Louis XIV and was determined to increase royal power and strengthen the economy
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Louis XIV
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Sun King (not 16th)
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persecuted with treason
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Louis XVI
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1st Estate
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clergy
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2nd estate
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noles
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3rd estate
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Burgoise and peasants and Middle Class
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slogan of French to save Paris during Rev.
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"Liberty, equality, fraternity."
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Directory
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a new government of elected legislative and an executive branch that has 5 directors, could not resolve economic problems and had an sgressive foriegn policy so Napoleon eventually took over
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Napoleon's final defeat
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Waterloo
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Napoleon's downfall
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Russia
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Vaco da Gama
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sailed around the tip of Africa to India
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Ferninand Magellan
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Man of Iron Courage who was the first to sail arounf the world
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Vasco de Balboa
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found the Pacific
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Ponce de Leon
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found Florida
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Hernando de Soto
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went from Florida to the Missippi River
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Fransisco Cornando
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sought city of gold and found Buffalo and Colorado
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Francis Drake
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rounded S. America
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John Cabot
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Italian who landed on New Foundland
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Jaques Cartier
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Named the St. Lawerence River
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conquers the Incas
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Pizzaro
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Henry Hudson
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dutch who settle on Hudson Bay
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Fr. Marquette
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father of New France he found Quebec
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Fr Marquette (real)
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travelled Great Lakes
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Samuel de Champlain
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founder of New France and found Quebec
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Moluccos Islands
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Spice Islands
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patroonship
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wealthy landowners who ruled together
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etrepreneur
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merchants willing to take risks in hopes of profit
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feudal justice was based on?
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customs and traditions
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conquestadors came in search of what?
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gold
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wrote Ode to Grecian Urn
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John Keats
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noble savage and social cotract
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Rousseau
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tWhat did Thomas Malthus and Adam Smith Warn?
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that governments must not interfere with the economic system
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How did Napoleon gain power?
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by overthrowing the directory
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middle passage
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voyage of Africans across the atlantic ocean
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