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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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THE Puritan leader in the English Civil War
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Cromwell
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Monarch who started the period called the Restoration
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Charles II
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Monarch who was beheaded at the end of the civil war
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Charles I
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believed people needed an absolute monarch
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Thomas Hobbes
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believed that people retained certain natural rights
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John Locke
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authorized a new version of the Bible
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James
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law that guaranteed protection against illegal arrest
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The Habeas Corpus Act
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leaders who advised the king
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cabinet
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merchanges and professional people
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burgesses
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supported the hereditary rights of the monarchy
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Tories
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group that wanted a strong Parliament and opposed a Catholic ruler
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Whigs
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leader who carried out the plan for the government - together with the cabinet
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prime minister
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era of Oliver Cromwell's rule
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Protectorate
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extremist who would like to turn the clock back
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reactionary
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urban middle class
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bourgeoisie
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person who criticized society during the Enlightenment
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philosophe
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adopted by the Committee of Public Safety to meet the danger of invasion
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conscription
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used by the social, cultural, and political elite to share ideas of the Enlightenment
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salons
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used by Napoleon to seize absolute power in France
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coup d'etat
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allowed more men to vote for the National Convention delegates
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universal manhood suffrage
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let people register their opinion by voting only yes or no
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plebescite
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used by the Russian to defeat Napoleon's army
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scorched earth policy
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people loved their country more than their religion
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nationalism
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an absolute monarch rules according to the principles of the Enlightenment
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enlightened despot
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the truth can be arrived at solely by logical thinking
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rationalism
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fiar laws and wise government must be based on the will of the people
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popular sovereignty
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this principle restored former ruling families to their thrones
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legitimacy
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Social Contract
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written by Rousseau
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Spirit of the Laws
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written by Montesquieu
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Leviathan
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written by Thomas Hobbes
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Two Treatise on Government
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written by John Locke
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divided power between the states and federal (central) government
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federal system of government
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first 10 amendments of the Constitution
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Bill of Rights
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They would have been more concerned about the price of food than the others.
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The Third Estate
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Why did France have financial problems?
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Huge war debts
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When did the Reign of Terror end?
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Robespierre's execution
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The Continental System primary was designed to what?
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Cripple England's economy
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individuals control the factors of production
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capitalism
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peole can live in peace in cooperative settlements where they share work
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utopian socialism
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the government owns all the means of production and controls economic planning
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authoritarian socialism
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government will wither away and a truly classless society will emerge
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pure communism
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principle of population
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Thomas Malthus
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interchangeable parts/conveyor belt
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Henry Ford
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classless society
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Karl Marx
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good government and universal voting
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John Stuart Mill
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free enterprise
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Adam Smith
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individual buys stocks
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corporation
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single firm controls total production of a good
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monopoly
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two or more people control a business
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partnership
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one person owns or controls a business
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sole proprietorship
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many corporations control entire industries
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cartel
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factors of production
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land, labor, capital
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What is capital?
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equipment, machinery, parts, goods
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The first factories of the modern factory system manufactured what?
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textiles
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The Industrial Revolution was a change in what?
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the way goods are produced
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In a factory system what happens
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each worker performs a task
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What is an advantage of mass production?
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cheaper production costs
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Alternating periods of prosperity and decline
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business cycle
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What does "laissez-faire" mean?
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"Let it be"
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Under socialism, decisions about the means of production are made by?
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the government
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Robert Owen was the most influential what?
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utopian socialist
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founded the Red Shirt movement
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Garibaldi
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founded the Young Italy movement
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Mazzini
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nicknamed the "Iron Chancellor"
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Otto von Bismarck
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What war? The southern German states were united with Prussia.
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Franco-Prussian War
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What war? Prussia and Austria won control of Schleswig and Holstein.
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Danish War
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What war? Prussia beat this rival to be leader of German-speaking people.
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Seven Weeks War
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customs union that included many German states
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Zollerein
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Who did Cavour work for?
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Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sardinia
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What movements worked to unite Italy?
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Young Italy, Red Shirts, Risorgimento
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title of the head of the German Empire
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Kaiser
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Who was the Chancellor of the German Empire?
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Otto von Bismarck
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foreigners controlled an area but let local ruler keep his title
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protectorate
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two nations rules a region as partners
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condominium
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the granting of economic rights and privileges over an area
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sphere of influence
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foreign nation completely controlled an area and its people
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colony
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replacement of local rulers with imperial officials
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direct rule
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treatment of colonies like children of the parent nation
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paternalism
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settlement of a dispute by using a third party
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arbitration
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adoption of a foreign culture and abandonment of local customs
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assimiliation
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what major European power did not have any colonies in Africa?
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Austria
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what were the benefits of imperialism?
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roads, schools, hospitals, improved communications such as telegraphs
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V.I. Lenin - what country?
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Russia
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Francis Ferdinand - what country?
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Austria
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Woodrow Wilson - what country?
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American
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Otto von Bismarck - what country?
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Germany
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Gavrilo Princip - what country?
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Serbia
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Who made up the Triple Alliance?
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
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Who made up the Central Powers?
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
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Who made up the Big Four?
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France, Great Britain, United States, Italy
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Who made up the Dual Monarchy?
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Austria and Hungary
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Who made up the Triple Entente?
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France, Great Britain, Russia
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Statement of the final terms offered for a settlement
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ultimatum
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payment for war damages
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reparations
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area to be governed by a more advanced nation
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mandate
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refusal to trade with a nation
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economic sanction
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brutal war crime
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atrocity
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agreement to stop fighting until a peace treaty is formalized
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armistice
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factors that led to WWI
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imperialism, nationalism, militarism, system of alliances
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Why did Great Britain enter WWI?
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Germany invaded neutral Belgium.
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Trenches were dug to protect soldiers from ?
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machine guns
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As a result of civil war in Russia, the government was controlled by what group?
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the Bolsheviks later named the Communist Party
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What were the Fourteen Points?
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Woodrow Wilson's ideas for the world after the war.
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What treaty ended WWI?
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Treaty of Versailles
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What were the agencies of the League of Nations?
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Assembly, Council, Secretariat
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