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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mare Nostrum
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what the Romans called the Mediterranean Sea, means "our sea"
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pater
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Latin for father
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patricians
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highest class of Greek culture, wealthy landholders and nobles
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plebians
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lowest class of Greek culture, common people, farmers, traders, craftsmen
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republic
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government where duties are divided under 3 branches
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tribunes
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10 Roman officials, served for 1 year, could veto the Senate and the consuls
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veto
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"I forbid"
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publican
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tax collector for the Roman republic
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triumvirate
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rule of 3 men
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Etruscans
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one of Italy's first civilizations, contributed to the development of Roman culture
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Romulus and Remus
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twin brothers who founded the city of Rome in 753 BC
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Senate
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political body composed of about 300 members, held most power in early Roman republic
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Roman Forum
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the section of the city that was the center of the government
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Law of the 12 Tables
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foundation of Roman civil law
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Tribal Assembly
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representing the territorial districts of Rome, voted by group, each group having 1 vote, elected some government officials
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Pyrrhus
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distant relative of Alexander the Great, helped the Greeks in battle against Rome, brought elephants
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1st Punic War
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fought over the control of island of Sicily, Carthage vs. Rome, Rome won
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2nd Punic War
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broke out after Carthage defeated a Roman ally, Hannibal commanded the Carthaginians, Rome won at Zama
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3rd Punic War
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fought over the treaty that Carthage had to move their city 10 miles inland, Rome captured the city and destroyed it
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Hannibal
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Carthaginian commander, military genius
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Scipio
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Roman commander, defeated Hannibal
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Cato
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Roman senator who hated Carthage
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Marius
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Roman military hero in the First Civil War
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Sulla
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Roman senator and military hero
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Crassus and Pompey
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2 commanders who served in Sulla's army, fought for power after Sulla's death
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Julius Caesar
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Marius's nephew, peaceful ruler who easily gained support from the people, fought for power against Crassus and Pompey
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Ides of March
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March 15, 44 BC, Julius Caesar murdered by other senators because they thought he was going to make himself king
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31 BC
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Octavian defeated Marc Anthony at the battle of Actium
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Marc Anthony
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Julius Caesar's best friend, after his death he teamed up with Octavian to each rule half the empire, they both became jealous and went to war against eachother. Marc Anthony lost and ran away with Cleopatra
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Octavian
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after Julius Caesar's death he teamed up with Marc Anthony to each rule half the empire, they both became jealous and Octavian defeated Marc Anthony in the 3rd civil war and became the first emperor of the Pax Romana
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Cleopatra
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the queen of Egypt who fell in love with Marc Anthony
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Cannae
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small town SE of Rome, Carthage defeated Rome in the 2nd Punic War
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Carthage
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city in north Africa, Med. Sea trade center
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Zama
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Romans defeated the Carthaginians, Carthage forced to give up all territory outside Africa, reduce fleet to 10 ships and pay a great fine to Rome
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Actium
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battle when Octavian defeated Marc Anthony
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Rubicon River
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crossed by Caesar and his army as a way of going to war with senate after they told him to turn back
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