World History Central

Front 1

Land bridge:then, strait:now

Back 1

Bering Strait

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a loose union as in the Iroquois League

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confederation

Front 3

festive gatherings featuring gifts

Back 3

potlatches

Front 4

taxes, crops collected from the people by their leaders or conquerors

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tributes

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artificial islands

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chinampas

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Native American crop

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maize

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slash and burn; terrace

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agriculture

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hunting and gathering

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survival

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early Mexican civilization known for: calendars, pyramids, a strict social order and fierce warriors

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Aztec

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Mesoamericans fro Gulf of Mexico region known for large artifacts: stone heads, and for for "nomadic" farming and relilgion in which Gods were part human and part animal in their appearance

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Olmec

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settled the Yucatan Peninsula, their economy was based upon agriculture and trade, and religion was a major focus stressing mathematics, astronomy and architecture; also built pyramids

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Maya

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earthen ceremonial centers or tombs

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mounds

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land between North and South America

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Mesoamerica

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Located in the Southwest of North America

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Pueblo, Apache and Navajo

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a spiritual place of Gods, souls, and supernatural creatures for the Mayans

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otherworld

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Conquistadors: targeted the Aztecs and the Incas

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Spanish

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less than nobles, but more than serfs and slaves

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commoners

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empire founded in South America

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Inca

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an organization divided into levels of authority

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hierarchy

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Montezuma's gift to Hernan Cortes

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chocolate

Front 21

origin of Native Americans??

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Asia

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food, clothing, shelter, and tools sometimes acquired from one source: the bison

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necessities

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wooden fishing traps used in the Artic and Northwest

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weirs

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polytheism; human sacrifices; animal feature

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religion

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a rope used by Incas to keep records

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quipu

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cut down trees,let them dry,and then burned them; the Olmec then planted maize

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slash and burn farming

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a volcanic glass

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obsidian

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a protein rich grain

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quinoa

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Mayan city-states were linked by

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culture, political ties and trade

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Toltec plumed serpent god of the air

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Quetzalcoatl

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Toltec god of the war

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Tezcatlipoca

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Toltec capital, a center of a powerful mining and trading empire

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Tula

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depended on large hers of bison or buffalo

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the Plains people

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Aztec capital in central Mexico which became the site of Mexico City

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Tenochtitlan

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Mayan ceremonial ball game

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pok-a-tok

Front 36

mainly used as platforms for Mayan religous ceremonies

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temple-pyramids

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2 foods that formed the basis of the diet of many communities on the CA coast

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abalone and mussels

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3 foods the people of the Graet Basin mainly lived on

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seeds, grasshoppers and small animals

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4 ways people of the Great Plains used the bison

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food, shelter, clothing and tools

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five groups of Eastern Woodlands Native AMerican allied to form this

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League of the Iroquois

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five cultural regions of the early peoples of North America

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Artic and Northwest, California and Great Basin, Southwest, Great Plains, Eastern Woodlands

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six things archaeologists have found the help them to understan the way early people lived in North America

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homes, burial mounds, pottery, baskets, stone tools, bones of people and animals