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55 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Why did the Europeans Wish to expand?
Because it was an age of great scularism and people wanted to explore life and expand their enviornment
What were religious wars caused by?
The Protest of Protestant Religion
What is an absolute monarchy?
a form of government in which a king or queen has total control over his or her people and land
What is the theory of merchantilism?
An economis theory that states that the world is madeup of limited resources and in order for a country to gain more resources they must take over more land.
what is the goal of merchantilism
to create a favorable balance of trade.
how is the goal of merchantilism accomplishes?
when a country exports more than it imports
What are three ways to create a favorable balance of trade?
become self sufficient
increase desirabability of exports
put tariffs on imports
What are the six motives for exploration
-the desire to christianize the pagans and muslims (spread of christianity
- he threat of the ottomen turks in the east caused explorers to look t the west
-upperclassment from spainf wanted to make money (wanted more oppurunites)
-government encourages exploration by funding the trips
- the renaissance curiousity.. more desire to know more about the world
-quest for material profit.
What would a northwest passage to india do?
eliminate high prices
What is an astrolabe?
a compass that measures altitdue and tells the location of a ship
Why was the New World considered a cow for the milking?
-so many things to learn
-full of oppurtunities
--had a sixable amount of resources
spain could exploit resources
Who was Prince Henry
portugese navigator who founded a school for navigation
Who was Magellen
From Spain, first person to circumnavigate the globe. Claimed wester isles for spain
Who was Cortez?
Conquered the Aztecs for Spain. Set Up Mexico City as a capital for spain in the new world. gained rich gold and silver mines
Who was Pizaro?
For spain, conquered the Incas and gained control of the Potosil mines.
Who was Pope Alexander?
Pope who mae the Line Of Demarkation
What was the line of Demarkation?
A line that allowed Spain to explore to the west and Portugal to explore to theeast
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas
moved over the line of demarkation
Wgat ere economy problems in spain caused by?
spain kicked out muslims and jews, their best farmers and business men.
pirces rose when goods were unvailible
What were the benefits of mother countries during expansion?
they gained full military strength administration and finacial authoriy
What were corregidores and intendants?
royal officials directly linked to the monarchs
What is a quinto?
An agreement that 1/5 of all precious metals went directly to the monarch
How did the nature of warfare change?
The reason for war changed.
Now fought over religion instead of politics
armies were larger
weapons kill from a distance - can kill indiscrimanantly
religion and gov became intertwined
How did technology change the nature of warfare?
More kills- no longer fighting one man at a time
printing press spread propoganda to chose a side
army size grew with technology
Peace of Westphalia?
Ended the Medieval idea which operated the assumption of one ruler and one religion and everyone following the one religion
allowed reliugious diversity
What was the origin of the difficulty in France?
France had financial problems hapsburg valois wars
valois spent money on luxaries for their palace
What were the solutions to the financial problems in Spain?
Sold government offices
Gave the church the right to intervene in the universal council. had the right to appoint bishops Concordat of Bologna
What did the Concordat of Bologna solve?
People lost faith in the government. Created social and religious seperation
who was charles the fifth?
King of Spain . Eperor of the holy roman empire
what was antwerp?
richest and busiet port city in the netherlands.
Why did the netherlands like charles and dislike phillip?
charles respected them and spoke their language and stuff.
phillip takes more control of the netherlands netherlands rvolt
Why did the netherlands revolt?
ignored their longstanding traditions of self rule
phillip wanted direct poilitical control of them
the taxes in the netherlands trade was too heavy espeicially in antwerp
phillip persecuted the calvininists and punished them
who did charles give the holy roman empire to?
His brother ferdinand
Why did elizabeth of england assist the netherlands?>
she is protestant spain is catholicengland as well
shes aware of the gold and silver and spain and she cannot financially support a war

if spain turns the netherlands catholic they might convert
what were the three causes for englands support?
the murder of william the silent who was a protestant leader this marked the threat of the protestant relgiion
england was losing money because netherlands could not purchase thir woven products
collapse of antwerp could mark a full catholic sweep if the port city was in the hands of spain.
What occured in the north and south of the netherlands
the north was protestant and independent united provinces
the south was catholic and spainish
What did Phillip the Defender do?
sent an armada to take over england used old vessels that became weak due to weather.
What did the pope do for phillip?
offered to pay him moeny to defend catholism
What happened to spain?
spanish armada was defeated, england used fire boats to defeat spain.
What did the defeat of the Spainish armada mark?
the beggining of the end for spain
What monarch came into power of france after the valois?
Bourbon
What were the causes of the thirty years wwar?
French wanted to weaken the power of the Spainsh Hapsburgs
German princes seeked independecce from the HRE
Peace of Augsberg did not support calvinists
Who was the thirty years war betwen
Catholic League and the Protestant Union
What was a politcal outcome of the war?.
Independence of the german princes, germany broke into 300 provinces, each prince chose its own religion and can make their own laws
What was a political/economic outcome of the War?
France could intervene in political power and german affaris . France gained alsace . Boosts the economy
What was a relgious outcome of the war?
The Peace of augsberg was modified and added calivinsm to its supoort. Protestanism was accepted in Europe
What was a religios and political outcome of the war?
The Hapsburg lost the Netherlands
What was another religious outcome of the war?
Holy Roman Empire destroyed
who won the thrity years war?
French because they intervened and gained alcase and accomplihsed their goals. and the Protestant relgion
Who lost the thirty years war?
Spain and the Catrholics
who else lost the war?
Germany becauser the war took place in germany and much of it was destroyed and germans were enserfed
What did the thirty years was create?
balance of power politics achiecved when the equalibrium of power among the countries
Describe the slave trade
Africans lacked technology so they were easy to enslave, theywere bribed with rum weapons and such to offer slaves to barbados on sugar plantations, they made molasses and rum and sent it back to africa.
What was the middle passage.
the trip across the ocean, 40 days
what happened to africa due to the slave trade?
afircans population decreased. 8000 slaves per year