World History 2 Final

Front 1

British East India Company

Back 1

- Joint stock company granted by Elizabeth to control trade

Front 2

Sepoy Mutiny

Back 2

- Rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against British in India

Front 3

Raj

Back 3

- British rule of India from 1757 to 1947

Front 4

Indian National Congress-

Back 4

Political party in India to press for greater rights under British rule, led to Indian independence

Front 5

Muslim League-

Back 5

Protected Indian Muslims, struggled for Indian independence

Front 6

Unequal treaties-

Back 6

China signed Treaty of Nanjing under pressure of invasion, Western powers trade benefits

Front 7

Extraterritoriality-

Back 7

Right of citizens to be tried in courts of native country

Front 8

Taiping Rebellion-

Back 8

Widespread civil war in China from 1850 to 1864, led by Christian convert

Front 9

Boxer Rebellion-

Back 9

A siege of a foreign settlement in Beijing by nationalists who were angry at foreign involvement

Front 10

Sun Yixian-

Back 10

Chinese statemen and revolutionary leader who believed in democracy so created nationalist party

Front 11

Treaty of Kanagawa-

Back 11

Japan and US open Japanese ports for US trade

Front 12

Emperor Meiji-

Back 12

Modernized and reformed Japan, sent people to Western societies, rapid industrialization

Front 13

Sino Japanese War-

Back 13

China and Japan over Korea, Japan won, successful modernization

Front 14

Social Darwinism-

Back 14

Application of scientific theories to nations and races, justified imperialism and racism

Front 15

Cecil Rhodes-

Back 15

Wealthy outspoken advocate of social Darwinism

Front 16

Suez Canal-

Back 16

Britain’s technological advancement in Egypt linked Mediterranean and Red Sea, shortening trip from Europe to Indian Ocean

Front 17

Berlin Conference-

Back 17

1884-1885- Meeting where reps of European countries agreed on rules for colonization of Africa

Front 18

King Leopold II of Belgium-

Back 18

Financed expedition to Congo, his armies treated people brutally and exploited them as workers, so did nothing about it. Rubber trees.

Front 19

Shaka-

Back 19

Zulu Empire, bettered military, killed clans, conquered much of southern Africa

Front 20

Menelik II-

Back 20

Emperor of Ethiopia, gained independence from Italy

Front 21

Santa Anna-

Back 21

Mexican general, president, dictator who fought in Texas Revolution and seized Alamo but was defeated and captured by Sam Houston

Front 22

Porfirio Diaz-

Back 22

Mexican general and politican, dictator for 30 years, encouraged foreign investment but ruled harshly

Front 23

Zapata-

Back 23

Mexican revolutionary led revolt against Diaz in south during Revolution

Front 24

Pancho Villa-

Back 24

Mexican bandit and revolutionary against Huerta, pursued by US

Front 25

Carranza-

Back 25

Mexican revolutionist and politician, led forces against Huerta in Mexican rev

Front 26

Marti-

Back 26

Cuban writer and independence fighter, killed in battle but symbol for Cuba’s fight for freedom

Front 27

Spanish-American War

Back 27

War fought between Spain and US that began after sinking of battleship. U.S. won in 4 months gaining control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philipns

Front 28

Emilio Aguinaldo

Back 28

- Self proclaimed president of Philippines, fought for independence

Front 29

Roosevelt Corollary-

Back 29

A policy proposed by president to use military to prevent European interference in Latin American nations while allowing U.S. to intervene

Front 30

White Man’s Burden

Back 30

- The supposed or presumed responsibility of white people to govern and impart their culture to nonwhite people, often advanced as.

Front 31

Triple Alliance-

Back 31

political alliance between German, Austria-Hungary, and Italy before World War I.

Front 32

Triple Entente-

Back 32

an alliance between France, Russia, and Great Britain.

Front 33

Franz Ferdinand-

Back 33

heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary whose assassination by a Serb nationalist started World War I.

Front 34

Gavrilo Princip-

Back 34

Serbian nationalist who assassinated Ferdinand to spark WWI.

Front 35

Neutral-

Back 35

Not aiding either side during wa

Front 36

Central Powers-

Back 36

the alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire during World War I.

Front 37

Allied Powers-

Back 37

alliance between Britain, France, and Russia during WWI.

Front 38

Western Front-

Back 38

deadlocked region in northern France during World War I where German and Allied armies faced off.

Front 39

Trench Warfare-

Back 39

Form of Combat in which soldiers dug trenches, or deep ditches, to seek protection from enemy fire and defend their positions

Front 40

Total war-

Back 40

A war that requires use of all of society’s resources

Front 41

Propaganda-

Back 41

Information such as posters by government to change public opinion

Front 42

Battle of Verdun-

Back 42

The longest battle of WWI ended in stalemate, with both sides suffering many casualties

Front 43

Gallipoli Campaign-

Back 43

Failed attempt by the Allies in WWI to take control of Dardanelles

Front 44

Genocide-

Back 44

Killing of an entire people

Front 45

Bolsheviks-

Back 45

Marxists whose goal was to seize state power and establish a dictatorship,

Front 46

Gregory Rasputin-

Back 46

Self proclaimed Russian holy man and figure at court of Czar Nicholas II, viewed as corrupt and support for czarist Russia deteriorated because of him

Front 47

marxism- Leninism-

Back 47

- The political and economic philosophy of Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, which looked to an uprising to abolish private property and enforce social equality

Front 48

Trotsky-

Back 48

Russian communist revolutionary, negotiated peace between Russia and Central Powers to end Russian involvement in WWI

Front 49

New Economic Policy-

Back 49

Lenin’s plan, to allow limited capitalism, among farmers to restore soviet economy

Front 50

Woodrow Wilson-

Back 50

American president during WWI who didn't want to be involved with the conflict, stayed neutral, and worked for world peace.

Front 51

U-boats-

Back 51

German submarines that attacked civilian ships

Front 52

Zimmermann Note-

Back 52

telegraph sent to a German official in Mexico prior to the U.S.'s influence in the war which proposed an alliance with Mexico.

Front 53

Armistice-

Back 53

agreement to cease fighting during a war.

Front 54

Fourteen Points-

Back 54

President's Woodrow’s plan to organize Europe and avoid future wars.

Front 55

Treaty of Versailles-

Back 55

Treaty ending World War I, required Germany to pay huge war reparations and established the League of Nations

Front 56

League of Nations-

Back 56

legion of countries to prevent future wars.

Front 57

Mandates-

Back 57

territories once part of the Ottoman Empire that the League of Nations gave to other European powers to rule.

Front 58

Balfour Declaration-

Back 58

statement by the British foreign minister in favor of establishing a Jewish state in Palestine.

Front 59

Jiang Jieshi-

Back 59

Chinese general and politican who was leader of Nationalist Party and led attacks against Communists in 1920’s

Front 60

Mao Zedong-

Back 60

Leader of Chinese communists, led successful rev and established comm. Gov in 1949

Front 61

Long March-

Back 61

6000 mile journey made by Communist Chinese to escape Nationalist troops

Front 62

Amritsar Massacre-

Back 62

Event in which British troops fired on a large crowd of peaceful, unarmed Indian protestors, killing 400, led to campaign of protest by Gandhi

Front 63

Mohandas Gandhi-

Back 63

Leader of India’s struggles for independence against Britain, organized population for protest through methods of non violent resistance and civil disobedience

Front 64

Kemal Ataturk-

Back 64

Turkish leader, found of modern Turkey, sought to transform it into modern, secular state with separation between religion and government

Front 65

Credit-

Back 65

Arrangement by which a purchaser borrows money from bank and agrees to pay back

Front 66

Black Tuesday-

Back 66

October 29,1929 day that market crashed

Front 67

Great Depression-

Back 67

A severe worldwide depression that followed the collapse of U.S. stock market, prices and wages fell, business activity slowed, and unemployment rose

Front 68

FDR-

Back 68

32nd president, elected four times, led US during Great Depression and WWII

Front 69

New Deal-

Back 69

FDR’s plan of economic relief, recovery and reforms during Great Depression

Front 70

John Keynes-

Back 70

British economist, rev economic theory stated govern could prevent downturns by deficit spending, provided basis for New Deal

Front 71

Smoot Hawley Tariff Act-

Back 71

US law that set extremely high tariffs on imports in an effort to protect American farmers and manufacturers, result was worsening of Depression

Front 72

Manchurian Incident-

Back 72

Using an explosion on a Japanese- controlled Southern Manchurian railroad as an excuse, Japanese military forces conquered Manchuria and set up puppet government

Front 73

Manchukuo-

Back 73

Japanese puppet state formed in Manchuria and Eastern Mongolia

Front 74

Anti Comintern Pact-

Back 74

Agreement signed between Germany and Japan in which they established their opposition to the Comintern, a Soviet- sponsored international organization aimed at spreading communism

Front 75

Nanjing Massacre-

Back 75

The murder of as many as 300000 Chinese men, women, and children by Japanese troops

Front 76

Benito Mussolini-

Back 76

Italian fascist leader, ruled Italy for 20 years, alliance with Hitler brought Italy into WWII

Front 77

Fascism-

Back 77

A totalitarian system of government that focuses on the good of the state rather than on the good of the individual citizens

Front 78

Totalitarianism-

Back 78

Form of gov in which person or party in charge has absolute control of all aspects of life

Front 79

Stalin-

Back 79

Dictator of Soviet union, led through WWII, created powerful Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe after war, harsh on people

Front 80

Collectivization-

Back 80

Collecting all farms for government

Front 81

Gulag-

Back 81

Political prisoners in Soviet union, taken to Serbia

Front 82

Hitler-

Back 82

Dictator of Germany, invasion of Europe began WWII,, notions of racial superiority, mass murder of millions of Jews

Front 83

Nazi Party-

Back 83

Nationalist Socialist Party, fascist political party of Hitler governed on totalitarian lines and advocating German racial superiority

Front 84

Anti Semitism-

Back 84

Hostility or prejudice towards Jews

Front 85

Nuremberg Laws-

Back 85

Nazi laws that eliminated citizenship and many civil and property rights for Jews

Front 86

Kristelnacht-

Back 86

Hitler’s Nazis encouraged Germans to riot against Jews, night of broken glass

Front 87

Appeasement-

Back 87

Giving in to aggressive demands in order to avoid war

Front 88

Winston Churchill-

Back 88

British leader who opposed policy of appeasement and led them through WWII

Front 89

Axis Powers-

Back 89

Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan in WWII

Front 90

Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression Pact-

Back 90

It was a non-aggression pact between the two countries and pledged neutrality by either party if the other were attacked by a third party

Front 91

Blitzkreig-

Back 91

German word ‘lightning war’, a fast forceful style of fighting used in WWII

Front 92

Allies-

Back 92

Alliance formed between Britain, France and Russia during WWI

Front 93

Battle of Britain-

Back 93

Three month air battle between Germany and Great Britain fought during WWII, Forestalled a German invasion

Front 94

Hideki Tojo-

Back 94

Japanese nationalist and general, control during WWII, executed for war crimes

Front 95

Isolationism-

Back 95

US isolated themselves from Europe’s war, staying out of affairs and wars

Front 96

Erwin Rommel-

Back 96

German general during WWII, Commanded Afrika Korps, nicknamed Desert Fox, lost battle

Front 97

Battle of El Alamein-

Back 97

Britain won a decisive victory over Germany in Egypt, Suez Canal

Front 98

Dwight D Eisenhower-

Back 98

General who became prez, as Suprume Commmander in Europe led Allies in invasion of North Africa and France, D day

Front 99

Siege of Leningrad-

Back 99

Nazi army’s unsuccessful attempt to capture city, million killed

Front 100

Battle of Stalingrad-

Back 100

WWII battle between invading German forces and Soviet defenders for control of Stalingrad, each side sustained many casualties, turning point in war for Germany

Front 101

Douglas MacArthur-

Back 101

American general, commanded troops in southwest pacific during WWII, administered Japan after war, commanded UN forces in Korean War

Front 102

Bataan Death March-

Back 102

Forced march of American and Filipino POWs captured by Japanese in WWII

Front 103

Battle of Midway-

Back 103

WWII naval battle fought in Pacific, Americans broke Japanese code and knew date and location of attack, so they won

Front 104

Battle of Guadalcanal-

Back 104

WWII battle in Pacific, represented first Allied counterattack against Japan, victory forced Japan to abandon island

Front 105

Kamikazes-

Back 105

Japanese pilots loaded aircraft with bombs and crashed them into enemy ships

Front 106

D-Day-

Back 106

June 6, 1944, first day of Allied invasion of Normandy

Front 107

V-E Day-

Back 107

May 8th 1945, victory in Europe for Allies

Front 108

Battle of Iwo Jima-

Back 108

WWII battle between Japan and invading US

Front 109

Battle of Okinawa-

Back 109

Victory for allies that killed 10000 Japanese, 12000 US

Front 110

Harry Truman-

Back 110

President after FDR’s death, led US during end of WWII and Cold War

Front 111

VJ Day-

Back 111

August 15, 1945, Victory over Japan

Front 112

Yalta Conference-

Back 112

Meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin to agree on what to do w/ Germany

Front 113

UN-

Back 113

Organization formed in 1945 to maintain world peace by Allies

Front 114

Potsdam Conference-

Back 114

Meeting of Allie Powers after war to discuss Europe leads to Cold War

Front 115

Munich Pact-

Back 115

was an agreement permitting Nazi German annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland.

Front 116

Anschluss-

Back 116

was the 1938 de facto annexation of Austria into Greater Germany by the Nazi regime.

Front 117

Operation Barbarossa-

Back 117

was the code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II

Front 118

Battle for Sicily-

Back 118

Allies took over Italy from Axis powers

Front 119

Battle of the Bulge-

Back 119

Germany last offensive from keeping Allies away from Germany but U.S. breaks through Dec 1944

Front 120

The Big Three-

Back 120

Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin

Front 121

Hiroshima-

Back 121

Last Japanese city to be atomic bombed upon

Front 122

Nuremberg Trials-

Back 122

Trials in which Allies tried top Nazi officials, most were executed

Front 123

Cold War-

Back 123

Era of high tension and rivalry between US and Soviet Union after WWII

Front 124

Iron Curtain-

Back 124

Term coined by Churchill to describe imaginary line dividing Communist countries in Soviet bloc from countries in Western Europe during Cold War

Front 125

Truman Doctrine-

Back 125

Pledge to provide economic and military aid to countries threatened by communism

Front 126

Marshall Plan-

Back 126

Reconstruction of Europe after WWII, 13 billion dollars

Front 127

Containment-

Back 127

US policy to stop spread of communism by providing economic and military aid to countries opposing Soviets

Front 128

Berlin Airlift-

Back 128

Program in which US and Britain shipped supplies by air to West Berlin during Soviet blockade to the city

Front 129

NATO-

Back 129

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, defensive military alliance of twelve Western nations formed in1949

Front 130

Warsaw Pact-

Back 130

Military alliance of Soviet dominated countries in Eastern Europe

Front 131

Hydrogen bomb-

Back 131

A nuclear weapon that gets its power from fusing together hydrogen atoms

Front 132

Deterrence-

Back 132

Development of maintenance of military power to deter, prevent an attack

Front 133

Arms race-

Back 133

Competition between nations to gain an advantage of weapons

Front 134

Sputnik-

Back 134

First artificial satellite, launched by Soviets

Front 135

Bay of Pigs invasion-

Back 135

Failed attempt of Cuban exiles backed by US to overthrow Castro

Front 136

Cuban missile crisis-

Back 136

Confrontation between US and Soviets over their missiles in Cuba, 13 days, US has weapons in Greece

Front 137

Nonaligned nations-

Back 137

Nations who refused to ally with either side of Cold War

Front 138

Détente-

Back 138

Efforts taken by Nixon to lower Cold War tensions

Front 139

Solidarity-

Back 139

Independent labor union founded in soviet controlled Poland

Front 140

Glasnost-

Back 140

Openness, refers to new era of media freedom in Soviet Union under Gorbachev

Front 141

Perestroika-

Back 141

Restructuring of corrupt government bureaucracy in Soviet Union

Front 142

Velvet Revolution-

Back 142

A quick, peaceful rev that swept communists from power in Czechb