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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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machiavelli
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an italian political therorist who wrote the prince. major goal was to reunited italy .
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Why is it not for an arverage peson ? why
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The average person should be honest and honarable with dealing with others. A prince has to be harsh and crual at time to protect his country.
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borgias
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A powerful renaissance family who wanted control of florence were cruel, ruthless; Louis Borgia united Romania. The Prince was modeled after Louis Borgia
.They wanted to rual florence . Louis was michiavelli model for writting the prince. |
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Aristotle
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an ancient greek philosopher whose ideas paved the road to enlighment . Main idea was logic to solve promblems .
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Descartes
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A french philospher,mathematican who wanted proof that anything was true , who said " i think therefore i am"
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Copernicus
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A renaissance astromer and priest
who discovered that the planets go around the sun. rather than the way it had always been thought that the earth was the center of the Universe |
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The enlighment
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A period in history 1700s in europe and in america when scientific reasoning began to be used to solve promblems. There was loss of faith in the church's authority. Aristotles ideas were studied. They used his concepte of Logic to solve problems.
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Humanism
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.......ideology founded by Dutchman named Erasmus .that said man was basically good and capable of great good. THis went agianst the ideas the Church had taught that man is evil.
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Martin luther
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A german monk who tried to reform the catholic church but instead made a new form of christanity-protestantism- the protestant reformation. Wrote 95 theses
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95 thesis
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a 1517 german document that Martin Luther wrote which he nailed to the church door because he was trying to invite people to debate him about it. They were 95 points against the practices of Catholic church , like the selling of indulgences
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What did the 95 thesis contain?
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it critazized the church
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Was luther intending to start a new form of christanity.
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no he just wanted to reform the Church, but would not recant his 95 theses so was excommunicated and so had to start his own church
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how did luthers teachings lead to advances in human rights
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One human right is the freedom of religion-luther gave people a choice between catholaisism and protestantism. This was the begining of freedom of religion. And by telling people they could interpret the Bible themselves, he was freeingup their mind to have their own points of view, worthy of the freedom of speech
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protestant reformation
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starts 1517 A christan reform movment that aimed on reforming the Catholice church but ended in creating Protestantism
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Transubstantiation
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The change of the substance of host bread and sacramental wine into the substance of the Body and Blood of Jesus during hte sacrament.
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Consubstantiation
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A little different from transubstantiation...It holds that during the sacrament, the fundamental "substance" of the body and blood of Christ are present alongside the substance of the bread and wine, which remain present.
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excomunicate
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To deprive of the right of church membership by ecclesiastical authority. to be kicked out of the Church
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heresy
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doctrine/ideas /beliefs against the doctrine of the church. Ex: Luther was considered a heretic when he said there was no need for a Pope.
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1. What is the Subject matter of the Prince? Why he wrote it? Why isn’t this a book for the average person?
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A practical guide First of its kind, that teaches how rulers can get and keep power. Ruler must be immoral if necessary. Machiavelli used Louis Borgia as his model for the Prince because Borgia used cruelty and was ruthless uniting Romania. A prince should be loved by his people and feared by his enemies, but if you must choose between the two , be feared. Use any means necessary as prince to protect you country and your people. Cruelty, deceit and intimidation are all acceptable.
He wrote it and dedicated it to Lorenzo Medici, in order hopefully to gain his favor and a job and to come out of exile from Florence. |
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2. What did 95 theses contain?
Why did he publish it? Was Luther Intending to start his own religion? How did his teachings lead to advance s in Human rights? How did the reformation lead to the Counter Reformation? |
They contained 95 points Luther had to make about the church criticizing in particular Indulgences and the idea of purgatory mainly because they are not mentioned in the Bible. He published it in order to reform the church. H e had no intension of starting a new church. His ideas lead to human rights because it got people to start thinking for them selves by reading and interpreting the bible for them selves. This lead to valueng ones own ideas. Human rights are for example – freedom of speech – once you believe you can think for your self then you can start believing that you have something to say, and you have a right to say it.
The reformation led to the counter reformation( the catholic church correcting its self) because the Church had to see that there were some things wrong with them if people were leaving her to join another church, even if Luther wasn’t right about a lot. The Jesuits, a new catholic sect was founded by Ignatius Loyola, a Spanish knight for the purpose of the church polic |
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Why did Henry VIII split with the Catholic church? What religion did he found? Why was Thomas Moore opposed to Henry’s efforts ?
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King Henry VIII was a Tutor, and English ruling family. He wanted the Tutors to keep ruling England. The founding of the Anglican church , or Church of England was just a byproduct of Henry’s attempt to keep the Tutors in power. He wanted a male heir to be king when he died, not a female heir. He wanted to divorce his first wife Catherin of Aragon who could not bear him a son. He wanted to marry Anne Boleyn who he hoped would bear him a son . He thought that If he didn’t have an heir then there would be civil war in England between families who wanted to rule England. Thomas Moore was Henry’s friend and his Chancellor. Moore was a devout Catholic who wouldn’t give his blessing to Henry’s divorce from Catherine because divorce was not permitted in Catholicism.
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How did Elizabeth expand England’s power? Who became king after her? What is he famous for?
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Elizabeth I was a Machiavellian Prince who realized England needed a bigger navy. A bigger navy could be used to attach Spanish ships returning from the New World full of gold they mined there. There By bypassing the work, and expense of mining the gold for themselves, and making the Spanish poorer in the process. James I , her Scottish cousin and king of Scotland, became king of England after her. He had the bible translated into English-the King James Bible still used today is his claim to fame .
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What is the mercantile ? How does it differ from capitalism
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a economic system of the renaissance times that judged how rich a country was by how much gold they had in their treasury. So it was bet to sell as much as you could and buy as little as you could to keep your treasury full. Queen Elizabeth kept her treasury full by allowing piracy fo Spanish ships on their return from the New World. Capitalism judges how wealthy a country is by all its assets: how much land, natural resources, products, gold and debts
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Humanism, Reformation, The scientific and Industrial Revolutions, and the enlightenment are connected because:
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All of these ideologies and historical changes had one thing in common- the freeing of the human mind. Beginning with the Reformation, when Luther says to use your own interpretation of the bible, and Humanism that said what man has to offer is good and valuable. Human’s minds open to see all there is to discover, understand, interpret, and evaluate, and all the ways they can invent, innovate, produce, and learn. The more we learn the more our minds expand to learn, invent , and interpret some more. Ending with the Enlightenment, when humans invent a whole new way of living, and being governed as is made manifest in the founding of a new nation, the United States of America and its Declaration of Independence and constitution.
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catherine of aragon
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henreys first wife that wanted to divorce because he couldnt give him a son.
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James I
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Elizebeth I's Scottish cousin and the king of Scotland, who became king of England after her. He had the bible translated into English-the King James Bible still used today is his claim to fame .
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John knox
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(c. 1510 – 24 November 1572) was a Scottish clergyman and one of the leaders of the Protestant Reformation who is considered the founder of the Presbyterian church in Scotland.
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john calvin
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- an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism.
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The Counter Reformation
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In responce to the Reformation, when many left teh catholic church for other religions, when the Catholic Church made changes for the better.
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The Jesuits
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a Holy order of Priests in the catholic church, Warriors of the Church who not only educated the world about Catholicism, protected the Church from criticism, but also questioned the church its self to make sure it was being pure, and not becoming corrupt again.
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Ignatius Layola
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Spanish knight who bacame a priest ; founded the Jesuits believing military training would benefit a order of preist whose intension was to police its own church, to keep the Church from corruption
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Heresy
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Going aganist a belief of the church
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mecca
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the center town to worship.
suppose to be the birth place to muhammad |
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5 pilers of islam
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charity
pigame to mecca (1) pray at5 times a day believe in one god fast durning ramaden |
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night of power
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1st surrahf the quran was revealed to muhammed . mt hera cave were gabrial was having deep mediation
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Charlemagne
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king of france
encoraged education crowned pope |
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medina
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were mohammed first accepted as a surpreme prophet
were mohammeds tomb is supposably is |
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Bedovin
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member of nomatic tribe in arabia
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papacy
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jurisiction of the pope
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byzantium
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Ancient greek city that constantine renamed constantinople
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Arab
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member of the semetic people inhabiting areabia of other parts of middle east
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muslim
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people who follow the religion of islam
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sharia
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islamic law that came from the holy scripture of islam
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constantine
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named constantanopia after himself emperor of rome that stopped the persuction of christian
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battle of tours
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battle that was faught near central france
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carolingian
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frankish dynasty that was in france
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hagia sophia
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oldest church
still standing today was connected to a mosque |
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hajj
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pilgramge to mecca
every adult is required to do it once in the life |
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koran
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holy scripture of islamic religion
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phophet
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person who speaks to god or angles
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surrah
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any of the 114 chapters in the koran
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mohammed
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arabs phophet
founder of islam |
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logic
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study of reason
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arabia
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peninsula in souh west afica
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tribe
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people living together from common ancestry
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Family
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parents and children
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apprentice
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person who works for another to learn a trade
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carthage
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ancient city state destroyed in punic wars
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code of justinian
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civil law that gave women rights
simplifed roman laws basis of modern laws |
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charles markel
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ruler of frankls
help reunite franks |
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clan
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group of family from common desendents
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nation
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lkarge group of peoppe togetherin a large area
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allah
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islamic word
for god |
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Ramadan
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daily fasting from dawn to sunset
during 9th month of muslim calender |
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Islam
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religion of the muslims that muhammed started
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justinian
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made code of laws to change the way people live
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constantinople
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capital of byzantine emperor
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Gaul
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the city that is now france
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punic wars
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serrious of 3 wars aganist france rome
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guild
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crafts of middle ages
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