World Civilizations Test 4

Front 1

Muhammad

Back 1

Family background- Orphaned raised by his uncle.  Married Padija, who was from a wealthy family.  No longer had to work with a caravan. Revelations- An angel from god, Allah, came to him and told him to preach these things

Front 2

Qur’an

Back 2

Islamic Holy book written by Muhammad.

Front 3

Caliph

Back 3

The highest ranking person in Islam. Is like the Pope in Islam.

Front 4

Hadith

Back 4

Stories about Muhammad and his followers that explain, their lives and the Qur'an

Front 5

Allah

Back 5

Arabic word for god. This is who Muhammad claimed his messenger Gabriel to give him the Qur’an.

Front 6

Sunna

Back 6

Became the law on how to live your life based on Muhammad's life.

Front 7

Five Pillars of Islam

Back 7

Shahada (The Creed: There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet) Must be done in front of officials, Salat (Prayers): 5 times a day facing Mecca, Sawm (Fasting), Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca) Done by Muhammad and his followers, only if you can afford it, Zakat (Almsgiving)

Front 8

Mecca and Medina

Back 8

The two holies cities in Islam. Muhammad was from Mecca and went to Medina when he was rejected in Medina.

Front 9

Umma

Back 9

This is the break down of the tribes connecting people and the building of the community of believers, includes anyone of the faith

Front 10

Uthman

Back 10

focused on the economy, was a problem because he came from Mecca and his ancestors ran out Muhammad

Front 11

Ali

Back 11

His followers assassinated Uthman and he took control of leading the Islamic faith

Front 12

Imam

Back 12

Worship leader that does the “Call to Pray”

Front 13

Shi’a

Back 13

said that the Imam had the sole power to interrupt the Qur'an

Front 14

Sunnis

Back 14

the Uluma, a group of people, did

Front 15

Ulama

Back 15

Group that is made up of high ranking officials within Islam. They lead the Sunnis

Front 16

Emirs

Back 16

Usually considered high-ranking Sheikhs

Front 17

Shari’a

Back 17

The moral code behind Islamic law.

Front 18

Vizier

Back 18

Adopted by form the Persians to help the Caliphate

Front 19

Dhimmis

Back 19

People who practiced their own religion but paid a tax and recognize the government

Front 20

Cordoba

Back 20

Major Islamic city head quarter and cultural center in Africa.

Front 21

Madrasa

Back 21

Islamic education system in which the teachers selected their students. They are the teachers

Front 22

Sufism

Back 22

Individual religious interpretation, include Shaykhs and dervishes. Shaykhs were their leaders. Dervishes was a dance that lead to a trance, they spun around did the Sufi writings.

Front 23

Mozarabs

Back 23

Christians that adopted Muslim traditions but did not convert.

Front 24

Hamitic thesis

Back 24

Stated that Africa technology could not have been from them and that they were not intelligent enough to create it

Front 25

Bantu

Back 25

Nomadic group that came up with the first written language Africa that was used commonly for trade.

Front 26

Berbers

Back 26

Nomadic trading group that spread Islam through their trading within North Africa

Front 27

Ibn Battuta

Back 27

Known for his extensive travels, accounts of which were published in the Rihla. Over a period of thirty years, Ibn Battuta visited most of the known Islamic world as well as many non-Muslim lands

Front 28

Mogadishu

Back 28

Founded to be a Muslim port now is the capital of Somalia, lead the slave trade.

Front 29

Ghana

Back 29

Soninke people, Koumbi Saleh was their capital which only diplomats lived in

Front 30

Mansa Musa

Back 30

Brought Islam to his people and built a mosque in Timbuktu, King of Mali

Front 31

Koumbi Saleh

Back 31

Ghanian capital which only diplomats lived in

Front 32

Timbuktu

Back 32

Political and cultural capital of Mali. Had one of the first Islamic Mosque

Front 33

Aksum

Back 33

was an important trading nation in the area which is now Eritrea and northern Ethiopia. Supposed home of the Queen of Sheba and the Ark of the Covenant.

Front 34

Ge’ez

Back 34

an ancient South Semitic language that originated in the northern region of Ethiopia and southern Eritrea in theHorn of Africa

Front 35

Swahili

Back 35

Names after a Bantu language but had strong Arabic influence

Front 36

Kilwa

Back 36

Most powerful city on the African coast, was on an island and was ruled by a sheik

Front 37

Great Zimbabwe

Back 37

Center for gold trade within Southern Africa.

Front 38

Mesoamerica

Back 38

Present day Mexico and Central America

Front 39

Amerigo Vespucci

Back 39

Wrote a book on Mesoamerica and it existence was published by the Madicies

Front 40

Khipu

Back 40

record keeping device for taxes in the Americas

Front 41

Norte Chico

Back 41

Ancient Native American mount site found in Peru

Front 42

Olmecs

Back 42

Agriculture and trade society that stored water in reservers and their religious structures no Class distinction

Front 43

Maya

Back 43

Staple crops were fruit trees which were planted in raised fields, done in order to save their crops from floods and provided transportation for trade. Religious rituals- Had a creation myth and how they looked at good and evil was in the book.  Human Sacrifice was good. Math- First people to use the number zero, Astronomy and calendric development, Used a 30 day calendar and knew the patterns of the moon and stars

Front 44

Popul Vuh

Back 44

Historian book that survived the Spanish take over, even though it was almost destroyed.  Know as the Book of Counsel.

Front 45

Teotihuacan

Back 45

Aztec culture, Zapotecan was the language. Had major religious centers for different gods. Had neighborhoods and different economic center areas.  Farmers were outside the city. Was a week union of strong states, strong on their own but would backstab each other

Front 46

Cahokia

Back 46

Outside St. Louis, was a large city that had multiple mounds, highest point in Messo America

Front 47

Mississippian

Back 47

Cutural group that was found in Hohokam, Hopewell, and Cahokia

Front 48

Nahuatl

Back 48

a language or group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Varieties of Nahuatl are spoken by an estimated 1.5 million Nahua people, most of whom live in Central Mexico

Front 49

Mexica

Back 49

The original name for Mexico given by the Spanish

Front 50

Macehualli

Back 50

The commoners of Mexica, the non-warrior or royalty class

Front 51

Tlalmaitl

Back 51

People who received land after their society been conquered for declaring allegiance to the Aztecs.

Front 52

Montezuma I

Back 52

the fifth Aztec emperor and king of Tenochtitlan. During his reign the Aztec Empire was consolidated, major expansion was undertaken and Tenochtitlan started becoming the dominant partner of the Aztec Triple Alliance.

Front 53

Tenochtitlan

Back 53

Population- 60,000 house, with Quarter million people, 5 million in the entire empire. Had canals that ran though it for water to get to different markets and the temple

Front 54

Moche

Back 54

Along Peru's northern coast, were very wealthy, multiple city states.

Front 55

Incas

Back 55

One of the largest groups of people. Capital was Cuzoo. Would force the conquered to assimilate. Conquered by Pizzaro during a small pox epidemic.

Front 56

Quechua

Back 56

is the name of a people of the central Andes of South America and their languages:

Front 57

Nomads

Back 57

People that are constantly moving following game or

Front 58

Steppe

Back 58

Geographical feature in south Russia, or Mongolia, that is a grassland that his an expanses without trees.

Front 59

Turks

Back 59

Culture group that is found south of Russia

Front 60

Yurts

Back 60

Mongolian tent that was quick to put up and take down great for Nomadic people

Front 61

Chinggis Khan

Back 61

Temujin- Was proclaimed as the great ruler of multiple tribes. Makes Mongol law and writes it down

Front 62

Marco Polo

Back 62

European trader allowed into China and wrote about their life style. Also a fun pool game.

Front 63

Khanates

Back 63

word used to describe a political entity ruled by a Khan

Front 64

Ogodei

Back 64

Chinggis' third son. In his conquest he made it to Poland

Front 65

Khubilai Khan

Back 65

Chinggis’ grandson. Went east and invade Japan.

Front 66

Tax-farming

Back 66

Done by the Mongols. Thought about turning N. China into pasture but choose to tax the farmers instead

Front 67

Tamerlane

Back 67

Turkish Nobel who attacked the Mongols in Persia and N. India, but copied their techniques thus leading to his defeat.

Front 68

Rashid al-Din

Back 68

Persian, translated Chinese works on medicine and state affairs into Arabic.

Front 69

William of Rubruck

Back 69

Christian that tried to convert the Khan, but failed

Front 70

Protected people

Back 70

Higher caste members in Hinduism, that the Muslims struggle to convert but would tax them and let them continue to practice Hinduism.

Front 71

Four varna

Back 71

Hindu caste system posistions. Brahmins: priests and scholars, Kshatriya: kings, governors and soldiers, Vaishyas: cattle herders, agriculturists, artisans and merchants, the Shudras: laborers and service providers

Front 72

Jati

Back 72

dialect of the Haryanvi language

Front 73

Sati

Back 73

a social funeral practice among some Indian communities in which a recently widowed woman would immolate herself on her husband’s funeral pyre.

Front 74

Sanskrit

Back 74

Ancient Indian language. The Vedas are written in this.

Front 75

Angkor Wat

Back 75

Hindu temple complex in Cambodia and the largest religious monument in the world

Front 76

Srivijaya

Back 76

Origination out of Sumatra, was an alliance that would only trade with each other. Decline came form the Chola invitation when the Chola captured the king but could not follow up in conquering the city. Were Theraveda Buddhism