World Civ: Roman Empire

Front 1

name and find on map the 16 Roman Empire water bodies

Back 1

Tiber river, Po river, Rhine river, Danube river, Nile river, Tigris river, Euphrates river, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Red Sea, Aegean Sea, Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, North Sea

Front 2

Name and find on map the three Roman Empire Mountain ranges

Back 2

Pyrenees mtns, Alps mts, Apenines mts

Front 3

Name and find on map the three Roman Empire continents

Back 3

Europe, Africa, Asia

Front 4

Name and find on map the eight Roman Empire provinces

Back 4

Italy, Gaul, Spain, Britain, Greece, Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt Palestine

Front 5

Name and find on map the five Roman Empire cities

Back 5

Rome, Carthage, Alexandria, Constantinople (Byzantium), Jerusalem

Front 6

What type of geographic land form is Italy located on?

Back 6

A peninsula

Front 7

What were the advantages and challenges of Rome's location and physical features?

Back 7

NOT ANSWERED

Front 8

Which three groups of people occupied the Italian peninsula when the Greeks colonized Southern Italy and Sicily?

Back 8

The Umbrians in the north
The Latins in the plain of Latium
The Oscans in the south

Front 9

What did the people occupying the Italian colonies share in common with the Greek colonists?

Back 9

They spoke in Indo-European languages

Front 10

Why do we not know very much about the origins of the Etruscans who ruled Northern Italy from about 900 - 500 BCE?

Back 10

The language has not been translated.

Front 11

What are the characteristics of Etruscan Architecture and Engineering?

Back 11

True arches
Road building
Cuniculus to divert water

Front 12

What are some characteristics of Etruscan art?

Back 12

Realistic images with fine details

Front 13

Etruscan metal workers used lead, iron, tin, silver, goald and bronze to create what types of items?

Back 13

weaponry
musical instruments
tools
vessels
statues
jewelry
dental crowns

Front 14

Etruscan kings were what types of leaders?

Back 14

Military
Religious

Front 15

Etruscan men and women had fairly equal rights and clothing, dressed alike in togas and mantles (True or False)

Back 15

TRUE

Front 16

Etruscan social classes included wealthy ____________ who owned estates, aristocratic priests, and a __________ labor force.

Back 16

overlords
slave

Front 17

Etruscan religion included ___________ and mystical beliefs such as the interpretation of signs in nature to guide actions.

Back 17

Deities

Front 18

________________ interpreted what kinds of natural signs/

Back 18

Soothsayers
Lightning, flights of birds, entrails of sacrificed animals

Front 19

Who were the Tarquins?

Back 19

A wealthy Etruscan family who ruled Rome

Front 20

What skills and beliefs did the Romans adopt from the Etruscans?

Back 20

Artistic skills, construction work, arches, roads, cuniculus, metalwork, religion, mysticism, organization, sports events

Front 21

The Romans drove out the Tarquins because of the cruel practices of which Tarquin?

Back 21

Tarquin the Proud

Front 22

Why do you think the power of veto was important to the Romans?

Back 22

So no one person had too much power.

Front 23

Why were the dictators needed in ancient Rome? What powers did they have?

Back 23

Because there was no king
Dictator could be impeached

Front 24

Who was the Roman counterpart to the Greek god Zeus and what was he god of?

Back 24

Jupiter
Master of gods

Front 25

Who was the Roman counterpart to the Greek goddes Hera and what was she goddess of?

Back 25

Juno
wife of Jupiter, goddess of women and fertility

Front 26

Who was the Roman counterpart to the Greek god Apollo and wha was he god of?

Back 26

Apollo
god of music, hearing, light, and truth

Front 27

Who was the Roman counterpart to the Greek goddess Artemis and what was she goddess of?

Back 27

Diana
goddess of Earth, hunting, and wildlife

Front 28

Who was the Roman counterprart to the Greek goddess Athena and what was she goddes of?

Back 28

Minerva
goddess of widsom, learning, war/peace

Front 29

Who was the Roman counterpart to the Greek goddess Aphrodite and what was she goddess of?

Back 29

Venus
goddess of love and beauty

Front 30

Who was the Roman counterpart to the Greek god Hermes and what was he god of?

Back 30

Mercury
messenger of the gods

Front 31

Who was the Roman counterpart to the Greek goddess Hestea and what was she goddess off?

Back 31

Vesta
goddess of hearth and home

Front 32

Who was the Roman counterpart to the Greek god Poseidon and what was he god of?

Back 32

Neptune
god of the sea

Front 33

Who was considered to be part of the Roman family unit?

Back 33

unmarried children, sons and families
relatives
slaves

Front 34

What were the rights and duties of the fater in the Roman family?

Back 34

Head of house
Conducted ceremonies
Could sell/kill family members

Front 35

What was the status of women in the Roman republic?

Back 35

Few rights
More freedome than Greek women

Front 36

What skills were Roman boys and girls taught?

Back 36

Boys: how to read/write
Girls: How to do household chores

Front 37

What are considered to be traditional Roman values?

Back 37

Thrift, discipline, self-sacrifice, devotion

Front 38

Why was it hard for the Roman army to conquer the Greek colonists in Southern Italy?

Back 38

The Greeks had help from Pyrrhus, but still had terrible losses.

Front 39

What is a Pyrrhic Victory?

Back 39

A victory with defastating cost to the side that won (loss of people, supplies, etc.)

Front 40

Whyer were the Roman armies successful in waging wars of conquest?

Back 40

Oranized troops into smaller units
Legionaries were well trained
Romans treated the conquered people well
Settlements were linked by roads

Front 41

What were some negative long-term impacts of Rome's expansion throughout the Mediterranean region?

Back 41

Hard to govern
Sold farms to find better ones (but they never did)
Fewer jobs for people
Danger of revolts
Rural unemployment

Front 42

Who was Spartacus and what were his achievements?

Back 42

A slave with Roman war trainining
Led a slave revolt
Led 70,000 slaves
Wanted to free all slaves

Front 43

List the dates of the first Punic War

Back 43

264 B.C. to 241 B.C.

Front 44

Dates of second Punic War

Back 44

221 B.C. to 202 B.C.

Front 45

Dates of third Punic War

Back 45

149 B.C. to 146 B.C.

Front 46

What was the long term impact of the Punic wars?

Back 46

Carthage is gone

Front 47

What were the major battles/regions, important facts, and outcome of the First Punic War?

Back 47

Regions/battles: Island of Sicily
Important Facts: Corvex used by Romans to board enemy ships
Outcome: Rome won, They control Sicily and get indemnity

Front 48

What were the major battles/regions, important facts, and outcome of the Second Punic War?

Back 48

regions/battles: Spain, Gaul, Italy, Battle of Zamba
Important facts: Hannibal's troops cross the Alps
Outcome: Rome wins and gets Spain, warships, and indemnity

Front 49

What were the major battles/regions, important facts, and outcome of the Third Punic War?

Back 49

Regions/battles: Carthage
Important facts: Romans burn Carthage and plow salt into the fields
Outcome: Carthage is completely destroyed and Rome becomes leading power in the Mediterranean

Front 50

What were the events that led to the gain and loss of power for the leaders Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius Gracchus?

Back 50

Proposed land re-distribution
Both were murdered

Front 51

What were the events that led to the gain and loss of power for the leaders Marius and Sulla?

Back 51

Buildt a new army of paid soldiers
Rival professional armies created unrest
Sulla defeated Marius to become dictator

Front 52

What were the events that led to the gain and loss of power for the First Triumvirate leaders Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus?

Back 52

Became Consul
Ruled as Triumvirate
Pompeii feared him growing power
Crossed the Rubicon river - Civil War
Dictator for life

Front 53

What were the events that led to the gain and loss of power for the Second Triumvirate leaders Octavian, Marc Antony, and Marcus Lepidus?

Back 53

Defeated Julius Caesar
Republic divided Italy, Greece, etc.
Lepidus retired

Front 54

List some of Julius Caesar's reforms and achievements.

Back 54

Became Consul, ruled as Triumvirate
Made a calendar
Expanded republic by defeating Celt (?)
Expanded citizenship
Dictator all his life
Killed by Senators
Public work programs for the poor

Front 55

What part of the Roman population supported Julius Caesar? Who opposed him?

Back 55

The poor supported him, since they benefitted from his reforms
The rich opposed him
Senators called him a tyrant

Front 56

Be able to identify the areas of Rome's expansion on the map.

Back 56

See notes -- "Map of Rome's Expansion"

Front 57

What skills and beliefs did the Romans borrow from the Greeks?

Back 57

Monumental buildings, mythology

Front 58

how did Greek and Etruscan religious practices influence Roman religion?

Back 58

Greek influence: Greek deities
Etruscan influence: Spirits as gods and goddesses, mysticism

Front 59

What aspects of early Roman religion were maintained from early Roman culture?

Back 59

Families privately worshipped ancestral spirits

Front 60

Who was excluded from Roman government?

Back 60

Women, non-Romans, slaves

Front 61

The government of the Roman Republic is referred to as a ______________ government because laws are made by officials elected by citizens.

Back 61

Legislative

Front 62

How did the Plebians improve their social and political status?

Back 62

They elected tribunes

Front 63

List the major accomplishments of Augustus.

Back 63

Called Augustus b/c it means "highly respected" or "majestic one"
Enormous wealth and power
Had every soldier swear allegiance to him
Built Rome's first library
Adopted his third wife's son, Tiberius

Front 64

List the major failures of Augustus

Back 64

Failed to maintain the empire's security in one critical area(?)
Unpopular moral crusade
Appointed an arrogant man as governor (Quintilius Varus)
Lost to the germanic tribes

Front 65

List the major accomplishments of Nero

Back 65

Reigned as a ruler for 14 years
Promoted a lot of Roman art
The common people liked him, because he provided bread, water and entertainment

Front 66

List the major failures of Nero

Back 66

Rather than restoring Rome, made a gigantic golden house(?) for himself
Very self-centered
Blaimed Christians for the fire in Rome
Province of golf(?) revolts

Front 67

List the major accomplishments of Trajan

Back 67

Reduced taxes
Increased food distribution
Major building program -- 5 level buildings with shops / offices
Lots of sports events
Appointed good governors and waged three wars that expanded Rome

Front 68

List the major failures of Trajan

Back 68

Very little success in preventing unrest among Jewish
Killed non-Jews in trying to suppress Jewish revolt

Front 69

List the major accomplishments of Hadrian

Back 69

Important military and political leader
Encourated the spread of Greek culture
Reformed the legal system
Appointed a judge in all four districts
Traveled throughout the empire and made peace
Strengtened the empire's borders with physical defenses
Hadrians Wall

Front 70

List the major failures of Hadrian

Back 70

Unable to keep peach in Judea
Caused a rebellion in J(?)
Didn't have heir to throne
Unpopular after his death
Not focused on military

Front 71

What was Augustus' real name?

Back 71

Octavian

Front 72

What title did Octavian assume after he became Consul for life?

Back 72

Augustus "the majestic one"

Front 73

What is the Pax Romana? How long did it last?

Back 73

The "Roman peace"
Little conflict increased trade, standard of living, achievements in the arts
Began in 31 B.C.E.
Lasted 200 years

Front 74

List four achievemetns of Augustus.

Back 74

Built and repaired roads
Rebuilt Rome
Government more efficient
Patron of the arts

Front 75

Who were the four emperors who rules from 14 C.E. to 68 C.E.? Why are they called the Julio-Claudian emperors?

Back 75

Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero
Called that because they are all from Augustus' family

Front 76

Who is considered the first "good emperor"?

Back 76

Nerva

Front 77

Who were the other "good emperors"?

Back 77

Trojan, Hadrian, Antonius, Pius, Marcus Aru(?)
They were effective administrators and supporters of large building projects

Front 78

Who expanded the Roman Empire to its greatest size?

Back 78

Trajan

Front 79

Augustus appointed ________________ ______________ to govern the provinces.

Back 79

Professional Governors

Front 80

Augustus became head of a unified ___________________.

Back 80

Religion

Front 81

The Roman emperors established the __________ _____________ for foreign citizens and the _____________ ______________ for citizens of Rome
later this was combined into a common law code.

Back 81

Jus gentium
Jus civile

Front 82

Under the Roman emperors, an accused person was considered ________________ until proven _______________.

Back 82

Innocent
guilty

Front 83

Roman emperors maintained a __________________ army.

Back 83

Professional

Front 84

What were the key characteristics of the Pax Romana?

Back 84

Prosperity increased standards of living in Rome
Politically stable
Art achievements

Front 85

During the Pax Romana, artisans in Rome made and sold what types of items?

Back 85

Pottery, woven cloth, glass, and jewelry

Front 86

During the Pax Romana, Roman provinces sent what items to Rome?

Back 86

Silk, spices, tin, iron, lead

Front 87

During the Pax Romana, family became _______ important, ________ children, __________ divorces.

Back 87

Less
Fewer
More

Front 88

During the Pax Romana, absolute power of the father was __________.

Back 88

Reduced

Front 89

During the Pax Romana, there was less __________ but wealthy owned farms, businesses.

Back 89

Stability

Front 90

True or false: During the Pax Romana, the majority of people remained poor, but some became moderately well-off.

Back 90

TRUE

Front 91

During the Pax Romana, what building was built for entertainment?

Back 91

Circus maximus

Front 92

During the Pax Romana, what did Hadrian rebuild and what did he use to rebuild the dome?

Back 92

Parthenon
Used concrete for dome

Front 93

During the Pax Romana, what was built to connect Rome with Southeastern Italy?

Back 93

The Appian Way

Front 94

During the Pax Romana, what structures were built to carry water over long distances?

Back 94

Aqueducts

Front 95

During the Pax Romana, who formulated the basis of Roman medical science.

Back 95

Galen

Front 96

During the Pax Romana, who formulated the basis of Roman Astronomy?

Back 96

Ptolemy

Front 97

During the Pax Romana, how were Roman girls educated?

Back 97

Wealthy kids had private lessons at home
Others went to school for basic education (reading, writing, arithmetic)
Women didn't attend academe

Front 98

During the Pax Romana, what was the lingua franca of the Roman Empire?

Back 98

Latin

Front 99

What "romance" languages are based on Latin?

Back 99

Italian, French, Spanish, Portugese

Front 100

Name the key literary figures/people in the Roman Empire.

Back 100

Cicero - Speeches
Ovid - Metamorphoses
Horace - Odes
Virgil - Aenied
Livy - History of Rome