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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What's a natural experiment? |
Takes place under participant's environment, the researcher has no direct control of the independent |
What is the researcher unable to control? |
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An advantage of a natural experiment |
High ecological validity and mundane realism |
Participant's behaviour will therefore be natural |
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A disadvantage of a natural experiment |
Confounding variables may be present, researcher can't control them Lack of objectivity when measuring abstract terms |
Something researchers can't control |
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What's a correlation? |
Research method which looks at the relationship/association between two co-variables. |
What type of research method? |
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Advantage of using a correlation |
It can be used when the topic being studied or examined directly |
Alternative to what? |
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Disadvantage of a correlation |
There may be a third variable present, acting as a confounding variable |
What may be present? |
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What does operationalised mean? |
Giving a precise definition of the behaviour being observed |
In relation to behaviour being observed |
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When is a spearman's rank correlation coefficient used? |
When looking at a relationship When the level of measurement of the data is at least ordinal |
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What's systematic sampling? |
Putting the names of everyone in the target population in a list, and then choosing every nth person |
Eg, selecting every 10th person from a phonebook |
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A disadvantage of using systematic sampling |
Sample may be biased, every nth person could be a female It may include participants who do not want to take part |
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How can content validity be used to ensure validity in psychological research? |
Looks at the test to see if there is a fair representation of the area of interest |
Seeing whether the test measures what it sets out to measure |
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What does 'mean' mean? |
The average score, adding up all the score and dividing it by the total scores |
How is it worked out? |
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An advantage of using the mean to describe data |
Gives a true representation, it is also the strongest measure of central tendency |
What kind of representation does it give? What kind of measure is it? |
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A disadvantage of using the mean to describe data |
It's very sensitive, can be distorted by low and high scores Could produce a value which isn't present in the data set |
Why is it sensitive? What's an outlier? |
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What does mode mean? |
The score which appears the most in a set of data |
Most frequently occurring |
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What does median mean? |
The middle value, when all the scores have been put into ranking/ascending order |
Middle value after what has been done? |
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How can the test-retest be used to check the reliability of a way of measuring? |
Giving the participants the same test again |
The test is said to be reliable if they find the same tests after what? |
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What's an advantage of using a questionnaire? |
Researcher can collect a large amount of data relatively quickly and cheaply Can be distributed to a wide sample of participants |
Convenience |
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A disadvantage of using a questionnaire |
Social desirability bias Leading questions/unclear questions |
Affecting the validity |
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Advantage of opportunity sampling |
Participants can be chosen quickly, it is practical |
Convenient for the researcher |
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Disadvantage of opportunity sampling |
The sample may not be truly representative of the target population |
Representation |
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What does right to withdraw mean? |
Participants being aware that they can leave the experiment and withdraw their data at any point |
Researchers should emphasise this |
