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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much sugar needed to yield 1% abv |
16.83 grams per liter |
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Name the tool used to measured sugar content on the field |
Refractometer (infers sugar concentration by measuring the refractive index of a liquid) |
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Dry and sparkling wines are typically harvested in the range of 18 to 27 degrees Brix. What is it in grams of sugar per litre ? |
Roughly 180 to 270 |
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How is Brix determined |
By measuring the density of a juice relative to a solution of sucrose in water |
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Name the tree acids naturally present in grapes |
Tartaric (primary) Malic and citric |
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How's TA is measured in a final wine in the US and in France ? |
US : g/L of tartaric acid France : g/L of Sulfuric acid (Tartaric can be converted to sulfuric equivalents by dividing by a factor of 1.5) |
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Name in French for Powdery Mildew |
Oïdium |
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Name the fungus that causes Powdery Mildew |
Erysiphe Necator (Uncinula Necator) |
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Ideal temperature for the spread of Powdery Mildew |
70 - 85 degrees Fahrenheit (21-29°C) |
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What Fungal disease is pictured here |
Powdery Mildew |
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Downy mildew in French |
Mildiou |
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What is Plasmopara viticola and give a synonym |
It is the causal agent of Downy Mildew and sometimes called Peronospora in Europe |
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Main difference between Powdery and Downy Mildew |
Downy Mildew only spreads through water |
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What is the BD Preparation 508 and what is it used for |
Horsetail plant boiled into a tea and sprayed to fight fungal infections |
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French term for uneven set |
Coulure (Occurs when a significant number of berries do not set after flowering. Caused by cold weather during flowering or mineral deficiency. Results in reduced yields) |
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French term and definition of leafing |
Effeuillage (Leaves are removed from the canopy to reduce disease pressure or increase the amount of sunlight on the fruit) |
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Give the French term for the follwing : 1) Crushing 2) Racking 3) Fining 4) Settling 5) Topping 6) Destemming 7) Must 8) Pumpover |
1) Foulage 2) Soutirage 3) Collage 4) Débourbage 5) Ouillage 6) égrappage / éraflage 7) Moût 8) Remontage |
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Maria Thun is famous for having developed what |
The Farmer's Almanac (Biodynamic Calendar) |
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What are the results of a whole-cluster pressing in white wine making |
- Minimize skin contact - Result in clearer juice - Fewer skin-derived compunds, including phenolics that may cause bitterness |
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Name the two categories of bacterias relevant in winemaking |
Lactic Acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria |
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What is a "pied de cuve" |
A portion of yeast-rich, already fermenting must that may be used to inoculate a fermentation |
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Name the three stages of Yeast activity during fermentation |
Lag phase Exponential phase Stationary phase |
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Which temperature range, yeast requires to be active |
45 to 95°F or 7 to 35°C |
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How is MALO inhibited |
Low pH (below 3.2) / high alcohol (above 14.5%) / low temperature and sulfites |
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Define the BD preparation 500 and its use |
Manure from a lactating cow placed inside a cowhorn and buried during winter Stimulates soil microbial life and encourage root growth |
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Define the BD preparation 501 and its use |
Paste of Silica (powdered quartz) and water placed inside a cow horn and buried during summer Encourages photosynthesis and ripening |
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Name of the common species used for grafting which is drought tolerant, high vigor and induces late ripening |
Vitis rupestris |
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Name the species commonly used for rootstock which tolerates wet soils, has a devigorating effect on the vine and induces early ripening |
Vitis Riparia |
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Define Topping in viticulture |
Hedging the top of the vine to prevent from growing taller |
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Name the yeast species typically responsible for alcoholic fermentation |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
