Wine Vocabulary

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AVA

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American Viticultural Area

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Amphora

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Greek & Roman ceramic

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Anthocyanins

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The compounds responsible for the color of red wine

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Acidulation

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To add acid to a wine

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AOC

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Appellation d'Orgine Controlee: top category of French wines

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Bentonite

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Powdery clay found in Wyoming, South Dakota, and Germany that is used to clarify wines

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Bodega

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Spanish wine cellars

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Bordeaux mixture

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Mix of copper sulfate, lime, salt and water

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Botrytis Cinera

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"Noble rot" mold that grows on grapes

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Brettanomyces

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Aka Brett; spoilage yeast that grows on grapes and wineries producing barnyard smell

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Brix

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Sugar weight of a wine grape

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Blanc d Noirs

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White, sparkling wine made from black grapes

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Blanc d Blanc

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White, sparkling wine made from white grapes

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Barrique

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Barrel

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Claret

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English term for Bordeaux wines

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Bodega

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Spanish wine facility

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Cava

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Spanish sparkling wine

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Chapitalization

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Adding sugar to the yeast

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Corky aka TCA

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Faulty cork, smells like moldy, wet cardboard

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Crianza

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Min. 2 yrs aging for Spanish wine

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Carbonic maceration

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Whole grapes are fermented in CO2 rich environment prior to crushing. Widely used in Beaujolais.

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Charmat process

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Method of sparkling wine production where secondary fermentation takes place in tanks rather than in the bottle

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Cuvee

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A blend of wine

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Enology

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The science or study of making wines

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Eiswein

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German, ice wine

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Fining

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Clarifying wine by adding compound to the wine (e.g. egg white)

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Flowering

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Vince produces flower in June

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Grafting

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Budwood is secure to root stock

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Gran reserva

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Spanish word for wines to age 6 yrs (2 in barrel)

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Garnacha

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Widely planted vinifera grape used in many of Spain's vines

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Hectare

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2.47 acres

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Hybrid

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A cross of American and French grape varieties

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Lees

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Sediment, dead yeast cells

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Meritage

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Created in 1989 in California to name a wine made from the 5 Bordeaux grapes

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Mercaptans

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Off odor, smells like garlic, stale sweat

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Mildew

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Fungi that can cause severe damage; treated with copper sulfate

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Must

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Grape juice that will become wine after fermentation

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Methode Champenoise

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The traditional method of producing sparkling wine by fermenting it in a bottle

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Microclimate

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Local weather conditions that affect a vineyard or a portion of it

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New World

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Wines from outside Europe

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Negociant

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The middleman in wine production who purchases grapes from vineyards owners, makes the wine, and markets it

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Oidium aka powdery mildew

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Fungus that attacks the vine (controlled by dusting vines with sulfur)

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Old World

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Wines from Europe

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Olfactory nerve

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Nerve behind the nose used to record the sense of smell

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PH

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Used to measure acidity

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Phylloxera

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Insect that destroyed the vineyards of the world

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Prosecco

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White wine grapes in Veneto, Italy

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Pruning

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Cutting off the unwanted parts of the vine to make way for the next harvest

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Resveratrol

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Compound found in wine that has positive health effects

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Rootstock

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Grapevine that is resistant to soil pests, used as a root system for grafting wine grape varieties

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Racking

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Transferring wine from one barrel to another to clarify

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Residual sugar

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Sugar left over after fermentation

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Recloto

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Veneto picked and dried for four months in a barn

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Refracto Meter

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Handheld instrument that measures the sugar in grapes

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Schloss

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"Castle" in German

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Sekt

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German term for quality sparkling wine

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Sommelier

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French term for wine steward

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Tastevin

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Small shallow cup used to taste and inspect wine

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Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

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The most popular additive to wine

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Ullage

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Empty space in wine bottle or cask due to evaporation

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Viticulture

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Grape growing

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Volstead Act

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18th amendment implementing prohibition

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Verasion

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When grapes start to change color on the vine