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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Great Fear
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wave of peasant violence France burning of property and destruction of records |
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Marie Antoinette
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became the Queen of France married to Louis XVI unpopular executed by the Jacobins |
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San-Culottes
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"those without knee breeches" members of the Parisian low class mob muscle for the revolutionary violence in French capitol |
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Converter
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Bessemer's manufacturing device made steel faster and in larger quantities injecting air into molten pig iron |
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Darby
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first all-iron bridge businessman improvements of iron production |
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Le Chapellier Law |
French revolutionary legislation forbidding both the creation of labor unions and the workers' right to strike |
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Rocket
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First practical steam locomotive Stephenson developed it |
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McAdam |
crushed stone and gravel pavement Scottish inventor |
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Bastille
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Parisian Fortress attacked violently by the French |
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Directory
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five member committee established after the end of the Reign of Terror |
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Louis XVI
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18th century French King decent man, good husband, loving father |
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Kay
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Inventor of the flying shuttle
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Girondins
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the faction of the Jacobins opposed to the mountains
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Danton |
condemned and executed as a traitor to France during the Reign of Terror |
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National Assembly |
French legislative body created by the refusal by Third Estate deputies to deliberate and vote separately from the other two Estates |
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Hargreaves
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inventor of the spinning jenny |
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Water/Roller Frame
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Richard Arkwright powered by a running stream or river |
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Maupeou
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Chancellor of Louis XV determined to break the ability of the parlements to obstruct taxation reforms proposed by the absolute monarch |
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First Estate
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Societal group in France contained all Catholic clergy, monks, friars, and nuns |
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Open Hearth Method
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Siemens process for increased steel production re-circulating hot exhaust gases through brick ducts |
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Cotton Gin
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Device enabled a more rapid separation of cotton
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Consulate
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three member committee established by the Constitution of Year VIII after the end of the Directory |
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Robespierre
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French Lawyer leader of the Jacobins final victim of the Reign of Terror |
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Estates General
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Institution absolutist French kings had managed to suppress the legislature of France |
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Departement
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one of the new districts created by the revolutionary government contained several arrondissements as sub-districts |
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Constitution of 1795 |
Document established a moderate constitutional republic in France readdress the Reign of Terror |
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Thermidor
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French Revolutionary Month the deposition and execution of Robespierre took place |
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Civil Constitution of the Clergy
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without any prior consultation National Assembly promulgated in 1790 this document and transformed the catholic church |
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Fulton
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American Inventor first navigable steamboat the Clermont |
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Watt
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Inventor of the first practicable steam engine did not blow up frequently |
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Varennes |
place the royal family's attempt at flight from Paris was foiled by forces loyal to revolution
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Legislative Assembly
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French political assembly created by the constitution of 1791 operated as the legislature of a limited constitutional monarchy until violence collapse |
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Pompadour
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18th century French King's amorous affair with this woman |
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Assignat
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paper money/government bond backed by land confiscated from the Catholic Church |
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Louis XV
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18th century King lazy, willful and generally incapable of mastering his government's financial problems 90 year long reign |
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Joshephine de Beuharnais
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Napoleon Bonaparte's first wife French empress divorced because she could not bear children |
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Corsica
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Napoleon Bonaparte was born on this Mediterranean island
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Corvee
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labor obligation owed by unfree peasants to work on roads, bridges and canals
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Revolutionary Tribunal |
French revolutionary law court oversaw the Reign of Terror |
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Calonne
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Finance minister of Louis XVI unsuccessfully to introduce a new land tax to be paid by all landowners irrespective of status |
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Third Estate
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societal group contained everyone who was not from the lay aristocracy or the Catholic clergy |
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Vendemiaire
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French revolutionary month Napoleon Bonaparte defeated a violent attempt to over throw the convention |
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Concordat of 1801
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agreement or treaty between Bonaparte's Consulate government and the papacy represented a compromise peace
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Whitney
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Connecticut inventor who not only invented a device to clean cotton fiber, but also pioneered the use of interchangeable parts in gun manufacture
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Tall Fellows
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Household Grenadier regiment displayed a Prussian king's childlike enthusiasm for military matters |
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Sun King
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Louis XIV's admiring contemporaries gave him this nickname
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Beccaria |
Essay on crimes and Punishment three rules of natural justice |
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Ecrasez l'infame |
criticizing the inadequacy and flaws of tradition religion |
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Maria Theresa |
preferred Catholic clergymen as closest advisors |
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Blank Slate |
Locke argued that the human mind at birth resembled this |
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Frederick I |
the son of Frederick William (III) the Great Elector |
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Deism |
emphasized the rationality of God's being and His creation |
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Persian Letters |
Montesquieu provided both a satire on contemporary French society and a provocative look at eastern sexual customs |
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Brandenburg |
Hohenzollern dynasty ruled this German principality since the middle ages |
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ein Plus machen |
motto of king Fredrick William I of Prussia stressed his desire for fiscal restraint in domestic government |
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John Churchill
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preeminently successful English/British general war of the Spanish Succession |
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laisser faire |
advocated by the Physiocrats and Adam Smith |
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The Social Contract |
Rousseau argued that individuals living within a political society must subordinate their individual wills to the general will |
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Silesia |
the war of the Austrian Succession king seized this Habsburg providence without warning |
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French and Indian War |
name given to the north American portion of the seven years' war |
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Council of Parties |
central governmental institution made decisions in administrative disputes and dealt with the ad hoc commissions from the king |
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Rousseau |
Author of Emile part novel part educational reform treatise |
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Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 |
Frederick II of Prussia thought himself clever when he initiated this
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Second Treaties of Government |
combat royal absolutism and defend limited monarchical government |
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Leopold I
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head of the Austrian Habsburgs faced two military challenges at the same time |
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Intendant |
Generic term for one of Louis XIV's thirty odd officers
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Candide |
satirized philosophical optimism |
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Henry IV |
hitherto a leader of the Protestant princely faction |
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Richelieu
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Cardinal Minister of France proved an invaluable asset to Louis XIII |
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Holy Roman Empire
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comprised a loose confederation of more than three hundred semi-autonomous German states |
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Mercantilism |
policy of closed governmental control |
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Encyclopedia |
by Diderot and D'Alembert provided both a general compendium of past knowledge and future developments |
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Council of Dispatches |
central governmental institution under Louis XIV was primarily responsible for domestic policy matters in France |
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Quesnay |
along with the other Physiocrats. her argued against mercantilism and against undue governmental interference in economic matters
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The Wealth of Nations
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Adam smith argued that individuals seeking their own economic success are led by an "invisible hand" to promote |
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Charles VI
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spent nearly his entire reign attempting to insure the unitary integrity of the Austrian Habsburg lands |
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Fronde |
revolt and regime seized power in 1648 and misruled France for five years |
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Jansen |
17th century Catholic bishop in France whose theological doctrines regarding predestination were partly condemned
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The Spirit of the Laws |
Montesquieu not only advocated separation of powers and checks and balances |
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Vauban |
worked for Louis XIV and was the greatest military engineer of his era |
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Chancellor
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generic name for the chief French royal legal officer during the 17th and 18th century
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Eugene of Savoy
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he was emperor Leopold I's most successful subordinated general in wars both against he Turks |
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Locke |
either that last intellectual of the Scientific Revolution An Essay Concerning Human Understanding |
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Discourse on the Origins of Inequality |
Rousseau argued that the institution of private property unfortunately provided the pretext for the coercive practices |
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Comptroller General |
generic name for the chief French royal financial minister in the 17th and 18th centuries Colbert served in this capacity |
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Malplaquet |
bloodiest battle of the war of the Spanish sucession
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Grand Alliance
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this political coalition resulted after the Glorious Revolution when England joined together with the League of Augsburg
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lit de justice |
whenever one of the parlements ignored or disobeyed his ordinances, Louis XIV convoked a formal court session of the offending parlement in his presence |
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